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Kiwifruit early decline syndrome is a widespread disorder that affects worldwide kiwifruit orchards. During the last few years, the seriousness and diffusion of this disorder worsened; as a consequence, in several rural areas the economic sustainability of farms was seriously affected. The early symptoms involve leaves (epinasty, chlorosis, desiccation, and abscission), fruits (decrease of number, size, and sugar content), and roots (anomalous morphology and anatomy). After symptoms occurrence, in a short time plants collapse and die: frequently this happens in the same or in the following year. Even though several phytopathological or agronomical studies have been carried out, a clear and univocal explanation of the causes and the possible remedies are yet to be understood. A field trial was carried out in an experimental kiwifruit orchard, in which several soil management practices (ridging, amendment with compost, bioinoculation with selected rhizospheric microorganisms) were tested to evaluate their effect on early decline symptoms occurrence. The analysis of plant growth parameters, root morphology and anatomy, and symptoms onset were related to environmental data (air and soil temperature, soil water tension). The results pointed to a possible role and interaction between agronomic soil management and climatic conditions as the triggering factors of kiwifruit early decline syndrome.
Laura Bardi; Luca Nari; Chiara Morone; Maria Giulia Faga; Eligio Malusà. Possible Role of High Temperature and Soil Biological Fertility on Kiwifruit Early Decline Syndrome. Frontiers in Agronomy 2020, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleLaura Bardi, Luca Nari, Chiara Morone, Maria Giulia Faga, Eligio Malusà. Possible Role of High Temperature and Soil Biological Fertility on Kiwifruit Early Decline Syndrome. Frontiers in Agronomy. 2020; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bardi; Luca Nari; Chiara Morone; Maria Giulia Faga; Eligio Malusà. 2020. "Possible Role of High Temperature and Soil Biological Fertility on Kiwifruit Early Decline Syndrome." Frontiers in Agronomy 2, no. : 1.
Early kiwifruit decline is a physiological disorder reported for the first time in New Zealand following a cyclone that caused a heavy and prolonged flooding of kiwifruit orchards. Following studies on kiwifruit vine physiology and anatomy demonstrated that this plant has a significant water demand but is also extremely sensible to root waterlogging and soil anoxic conditions. Pathogenic microorganisms were sometimes identified in soil and root samples of declining plants, but they were not considered the primary cause of kiwifruit decline, and their presence in roots was considered a consequence of waterlogging and plant weakening. Agronomic practices have been developed and adopted to deliver water in amounts adequate to plant needs, but avoiding excess and stagnation in the soil, and to improve soil aeration. However, in recent years, early decline has seen worldwide spread, affecting even orchards in which waterlogging is prevented or is only occasionally caused by intense local rainfall. A global overview of the knowledge on botanical, physiological, and ecological traits of kiwifruit, along with the examination of phenomena concomitant to early decline appearance, can help to identify the causes and the possible actions to prevent its occurrence. Some assumptions and possible solution attempts are proposed.
Laura Bardi. Early Kiwifruit Decline: A Soil-Borne Disease Syndrome or a Climate Change Effect on Plant–Soil Relations? Frontiers in Agronomy 2020, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleLaura Bardi. Early Kiwifruit Decline: A Soil-Borne Disease Syndrome or a Climate Change Effect on Plant–Soil Relations? Frontiers in Agronomy. 2020; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bardi. 2020. "Early Kiwifruit Decline: A Soil-Borne Disease Syndrome or a Climate Change Effect on Plant–Soil Relations?" Frontiers in Agronomy 2, no. : 1.
Chiara Bertora; Maria Alexandra Cucu; Cristina Lerda; Matteo Peyron; Laura Bardi; Roberta Gorra; Dario Sacco; Luisella Celi; Daniel Said-Pullicino. Dissolved organic carbon cycling, methane emissions and related microbial populations in temperate rice paddies with contrasting straw and water management. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2018, 265, 292 -306.
AMA StyleChiara Bertora, Maria Alexandra Cucu, Cristina Lerda, Matteo Peyron, Laura Bardi, Roberta Gorra, Dario Sacco, Luisella Celi, Daniel Said-Pullicino. Dissolved organic carbon cycling, methane emissions and related microbial populations in temperate rice paddies with contrasting straw and water management. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2018; 265 ():292-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Bertora; Maria Alexandra Cucu; Cristina Lerda; Matteo Peyron; Laura Bardi; Roberta Gorra; Dario Sacco; Luisella Celi; Daniel Said-Pullicino. 2018. "Dissolved organic carbon cycling, methane emissions and related microbial populations in temperate rice paddies with contrasting straw and water management." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 265, no. : 292-306.
Several yeasts and fungal strains are known for their ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids inside the cells. The interest for their utilisation at industrial level as sources of fats and oils (named SCO, single cell oils) was raised by various advantages presented by these microbial biomasses in comparison to other lipid sources, such as vegetable or animal feedstocks; among them, the possibility to obtain compounds with peculiar composition, the capability to use wastes and coproduct of other processes for cell growth and conversion into lipids, no dependence from seasonal and climatic trends and no requirement for agricultural lands. Biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism are well characterised in both oleaginous and non-oleaginous microorganisms, and their knowledge allows to orient cell physiology and metabolic engineering strategies aimed to improve quantity and quality of SCO production. Some SCO industrial processes have been developed, in particular in the fields of nutrition, of nutraceuticals and of biofuels.
Laura Bardi. Production of Bio-oils from Microbial Biomasses. Fungal Biology 2018, 61 -89.
AMA StyleLaura Bardi. Production of Bio-oils from Microbial Biomasses. Fungal Biology. 2018; ():61-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bardi. 2018. "Production of Bio-oils from Microbial Biomasses." Fungal Biology , no. : 61-89.
Alcoholic fermentations were performed, adapting the technology to exploit the residual thermal energy (hot water at 83–85 °C) of a cogeneration plant and to valorize agricultural wastes. Substrates were apple, kiwifruit, and peaches wastes; and corn threshing residue (CTR). Saccharomyces bayanus was chosen as starter yeast. The fruits, fresh or blanched, were mashed; CTR was gelatinized and liquefied by adding Liquozyme® SC DS (Novozymes, Dittingen, Switzerland); saccharification simultaneous to fermentation was carried out using the enzyme Spirizyme® Ultra (Novozymes, Dittingen, Switzerland). Lab-scale static fermentations were carried out at 28 °C and 35 °C, using raw fruits, blanched fruits and CTR, monitoring the ethanol production. The highest ethanol production was reached with CTR (10.22% (v/v) and among fruits with apple (8.71% (v/v)). Distillations at low temperatures and under vacuum, to exploit warm water from a cogeneration plant, were tested. Vacuum simple batch distillation by rotary evaporation at lab scale at 80 °C (heating bath) and 200 mbar or 400 mbar allowed to recover 93.35% (v/v) and 89.59% (v/v) of ethanol, respectively. These results support a fermentation process coupled to a cogeneration plant, fed with apple wastes and with CTR when apple wastes are not available, where hot water from cogeneration plant is used in blanching and distillation phases. The scale up in a pilot plant was also carried out.
Raffaela Cutzu; Laura Bardi. Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Wastes Using Residual Thermal Energy of a Cogeneration Plant in the Distillation Phase. Fermentation 2017, 3, 24 .
AMA StyleRaffaela Cutzu, Laura Bardi. Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Wastes Using Residual Thermal Energy of a Cogeneration Plant in the Distillation Phase. Fermentation. 2017; 3 (2):24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffaela Cutzu; Laura Bardi. 2017. "Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Wastes Using Residual Thermal Energy of a Cogeneration Plant in the Distillation Phase." Fermentation 3, no. 2: 24.
Laura Bardi; Fulvia Rosso. Extraction and characterization of brassinosteroids from residues of the biodiesel chain. Industrial Crops and Products 2015, 75, 24 -28.
AMA StyleLaura Bardi, Fulvia Rosso. Extraction and characterization of brassinosteroids from residues of the biodiesel chain. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015; 75 ():24-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bardi; Fulvia Rosso. 2015. "Extraction and characterization of brassinosteroids from residues of the biodiesel chain." Industrial Crops and Products 75, no. : 24-28.
Low water availability for agriculture is a rising problem in temperate countries. The effect of two different rhizospheric microbial consortia on the tolerance to water deficiency of maize was evaluated under controlled watering regimes. One consortium was a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizospheric bacteria isolated under osmotic stress selective pressure; the other consortium was a commercial product. A higher tolerance of plants to water deficiency was observed when roots were inoculated with microbial consortia. Plant gas exchange parameters were positively affected by inoculation, and a improvements of the leaves mineral nutrients content and of the biomass yield were also recorded. The positive effect should be ascribed to an increased roots development more than to an increased uptake from extraradical mycorrhizal hyphae. The use of microbial inoculants appears to be a suitable practice to improve the crop performances under low water availability.
Eligio Malusà; Giacomo Sala; Walter Chitarra; Laura Bardi. IMPROVEMENT OF RESPONSE TO LOW WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAIZE PLANTS INOCULATED WITH SELECTED RHIZOSPHERIC MICROBIAL CONSORTIA UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES. EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality 2013, 12, 13 -21.
AMA StyleEligio Malusà, Giacomo Sala, Walter Chitarra, Laura Bardi. IMPROVEMENT OF RESPONSE TO LOW WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAIZE PLANTS INOCULATED WITH SELECTED RHIZOSPHERIC MICROBIAL CONSORTIA UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES. EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality. 2013; 12 ():13-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEligio Malusà; Giacomo Sala; Walter Chitarra; Laura Bardi. 2013. "IMPROVEMENT OF RESPONSE TO LOW WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAIZE PLANTS INOCULATED WITH SELECTED RHIZOSPHERIC MICROBIAL CONSORTIA UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES." EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality 12, no. : 13-21.
Environmental profiles of mineral nitrogen fertilizers were used to evaluate the environmental disturbances related to their use in cultivation systems in Europe. Since the production of mineral fertilizers requires a large amount of energy, the present study of bioenergy systems is relevant in order to achieve crop yields less dependent on fossil fuels and to reduce the environmental impact due to fertilization. \ud \ud In this study, the suitability of the LCA methodology to analyze the environmental impact of sunflower cultivation systems with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers urea and ammonium nitrate was investigated. Effects on climate change were estimated by the use of Ecoinvent 2.2 database default value for soil N2O emission factor (1%) and local emission data (0.8%) of mineral nitrogen applied to soils. \ud \ud LCA analysis showed a higher impact on environmental categories (human health and ecosystem quality) for the system in which urea was used as a nitrogen source. Use of urea fertilizer showed a higher impact on resource consumption due to fossil fuel consumption. Use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers showed a higher environmental burden than other inputs required for sunflower cultivation systems under study. Urea and ammonium nitrate showed, respectively, a 7.8% and 4.9% reduced impact of N2O as greenhouse gas by using direct field data of soil N2O emission factor compared to the default soil emission factor of 2006 IPCC Guidelines. \ud \ud Use of ammonium nitrate as mineral nitrogen fertilizer in sunflower cultivation would have a lower impact on environmental categories considered. Further environmental analysis of available technologies for fertilizer production might be also evaluated in order to reduce the environmental impacts of each fertilizer. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
D. Spinelli; L. Bardi; A. Fierro; S. Jez; R. Basosi. Environmental analysis of sunflower production with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. Journal of Environmental Management 2013, 129, 302 -308.
AMA StyleD. Spinelli, L. Bardi, A. Fierro, S. Jez, R. Basosi. Environmental analysis of sunflower production with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. Journal of Environmental Management. 2013; 129 ():302-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Spinelli; L. Bardi; A. Fierro; S. Jez; R. Basosi. 2013. "Environmental analysis of sunflower production with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers." Journal of Environmental Management 129, no. : 302-308.
Whey and scotta are effluents coming from cheese and ricotta processing respectively. Whey contains minerals, lipids, lactose and proteins; scotta contains mainly lactose. Whey can be reused in several ways, such as protein extraction or animal feeding, while nowadays scotta is just considered as a waste; moreover, due to very high volumes of whey produced in the world, it poses serious environmental and disposal problems. Alternative destinations of these effluents, such as biotechnological transformations, can be a way to reach both goals of improving the added value of the agroindustrial processes and reducing their environmental impact. In this work we investigated the way to produce bioethanol from lactose of whey and scotta and to optimize the fermentation yields. Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus was chosen as lactose-fermenting yeast. Batch, aerobic and anaerobic, fermentations and semicontinuous fermentations in dispersed phase and in packed bed reactor were carried out of row whey, scotta and mix 1:1 whey:scotta at a laboratory scale. Different temperatures (28-40°C) were also tested to check whether the thermotolerance of the chosen yeast could be useful to improve the ethanol yield. The best performances were reached at low temperatures (28°C); high temperatures are also compatible with good ethanol yields in whey fermentations, but not in scotta fermentations. Semicontinuous fermentations in dispersed phase gave the best fermentation performances, particularly with scotta. Then both effluents can be considered suitable for ethanol production. The good yields obtained from scotta allow us to transform this waste in a source.
Francesca Zoppellari; Laura Bardi. Production of bioethanol from effluents of the dairy industry by Kluyveromyces marxianus. New Biotechnology 2013, 30, 607 -613.
AMA StyleFrancesca Zoppellari, Laura Bardi. Production of bioethanol from effluents of the dairy industry by Kluyveromyces marxianus. New Biotechnology. 2013; 30 (6):607-613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Zoppellari; Laura Bardi. 2013. "Production of bioethanol from effluents of the dairy industry by Kluyveromyces marxianus." New Biotechnology 30, no. 6: 607-613.
In this work eighteen red yeasts were screened for carotenoids production on glycerol containing medium. Strain C2.5t1 of Rhodotorula glutinis, that showed the highest productivity, was UV mutagenized. Mutant 400A15, that exhibited a 280 % increase in β–carotene production in respect to the parental strain, was selected. A central composite design was applied to 400A15 to optimize carotenoids and biomass productions. Regression analyses of the quadratic polynomial equations obtained (R2 = 0.87 and 0.94, for carotenoids and biomass, respectively) suggest that the models are reliable and significant (P < 0.0001) in the prediction of carotenoids and biomass productions on the basis of the concentrations of crude glycerol, yeast extract and peptone. Accordingly, total carotenoids production achieved (14.07 ± 1.45 mg l−1) under optimized growth conditions was not statistically different from the maximal predicted (14.64 ± 1.57 mg l−1) (P < 0.05), and it was about 100 % higher than that obtained under un-optimized conditions. Therefore mutant 400A15 may represent a biocatalyst of choice for the bioconversion of crude glycerol into value-added metabolites, and a tool for the valorization of this by-product of the biodiesel industry.
Raffaela Cutzu; Annalisa Coi; Fulvia Rosso; Laura Bardi; Maurizio Ciani; Marilena Budroni; Giacomo Zara; Severino Zara; Ilaria Mannazzu. From crude glycerol to carotenoids by using a Rhodotorula glutinis mutant. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2013, 29, 1009 -1017.
AMA StyleRaffaela Cutzu, Annalisa Coi, Fulvia Rosso, Laura Bardi, Maurizio Ciani, Marilena Budroni, Giacomo Zara, Severino Zara, Ilaria Mannazzu. From crude glycerol to carotenoids by using a Rhodotorula glutinis mutant. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013; 29 (6):1009-1017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffaela Cutzu; Annalisa Coi; Fulvia Rosso; Laura Bardi; Maurizio Ciani; Marilena Budroni; Giacomo Zara; Severino Zara; Ilaria Mannazzu. 2013. "From crude glycerol to carotenoids by using a Rhodotorula glutinis mutant." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29, no. 6: 1009-1017.
F. Rosso; F. Zoppellari; G. Sala; Eligio Malusa; L. Bardi; B. Bergesio. A STUDY TO CHARACTERIZE QUALITY AND TO IDENTIFY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF LOCAL VARIETIES OF SWEET PEPPER FROM PIEDMONT (ITALY). Acta Horticulturae 2012, 401 -409.
AMA StyleF. Rosso, F. Zoppellari, G. Sala, Eligio Malusa, L. Bardi, B. Bergesio. A STUDY TO CHARACTERIZE QUALITY AND TO IDENTIFY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF LOCAL VARIETIES OF SWEET PEPPER FROM PIEDMONT (ITALY). Acta Horticulturae. 2012; (936):401-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Rosso; F. Zoppellari; G. Sala; Eligio Malusa; L. Bardi; B. Bergesio. 2012. "A STUDY TO CHARACTERIZE QUALITY AND TO IDENTIFY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF LOCAL VARIETIES OF SWEET PEPPER FROM PIEDMONT (ITALY)." Acta Horticulturae , no. 936: 401-409.
Green compost, produced from green wastes, is characterized by high quality standards. The influence of soil amendment with green compost and with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal-rhizobacterial mixed inoculum on plant growth and on yield and quality of fruits in tomato was studied. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were transplanted in pots with soil added with different compost proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Tomato fruits were analyzed for glucose, fructose, nitrate, nitrite, malate, citrate, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid content. There are significant differences in shoot and root dry weights between mycorrhizal and control plants, whereas the addition of compost to substrate until 75% increased shoot dry weight. AM tomato plants showed significantly higher concentrations of glucose and malate in fruits. Citrate was higher with 50% and 75% compost, while its lowest concentration was detected in plants without compost. Nitrate content was increased by AM inoculum and compost; nitrite content was decreased. Higher amounts of compost increased carotenoid content; ascorbate levels were significantly higher in control plants. These results show that the use of AM inoculum and green compost can improve fruit quality, affecting biochemical composition and relative proportion of various compounds.
A. Copetta; Laura Bardi; E. Bertolone; G. Berta. Fruit production and quality of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) are affected by green compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2011, 145, 106 -115.
AMA StyleA. Copetta, Laura Bardi, E. Bertolone, G. Berta. Fruit production and quality of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) are affected by green compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2011; 145 (1):106-115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Copetta; Laura Bardi; E. Bertolone; G. Berta. 2011. "Fruit production and quality of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) are affected by green compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 145, no. 1: 106-115.
F. Rosso; F. Zoppellari; G. Sala; B. Bergesio; E. Malusà; L. Bardi. Effect of rhizospheric microorganisms inoculum on sweet pepper quality. Journal of Biotechnology 2010, 150, 273 -273.
AMA StyleF. Rosso, F. Zoppellari, G. Sala, B. Bergesio, E. Malusà, L. Bardi. Effect of rhizospheric microorganisms inoculum on sweet pepper quality. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150 ():273-273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Rosso; F. Zoppellari; G. Sala; B. Bergesio; E. Malusà; L. Bardi. 2010. "Effect of rhizospheric microorganisms inoculum on sweet pepper quality." Journal of Biotechnology 150, no. : 273-273.
The BIOMOLENER project is focused in the combination of physical and biological treatments of livestock effluents and whey to exploit their potential as a direct source of commodity chemicals, or as a pabulum for fermentations, aimed at reaching biofuels or microbial biomasses from which biomolecules can be extracted. Processing of these waste give a contribution to the reduction of polluting characteristics
L. Bardi; E. Malusà; F. Zoppellari; F. Bosco; B. Bergesio; L. Bertin. Production of renewable energies and biomolecules from livestock and agro-industrial waste: the BIOMOLENER Project. Journal of Biotechnology 2010, 150, 172 -172.
AMA StyleL. Bardi, E. Malusà, F. Zoppellari, F. Bosco, B. Bergesio, L. Bertin. Production of renewable energies and biomolecules from livestock and agro-industrial waste: the BIOMOLENER Project. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150 ():172-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Bardi; E. Malusà; F. Zoppellari; F. Bosco; B. Bergesio; L. Bertin. 2010. "Production of renewable energies and biomolecules from livestock and agro-industrial waste: the BIOMOLENER Project." Journal of Biotechnology 150, no. : 172-172.
F. Zoppellari; F. Rosso; G. Sala; W. Chiatarra; E. Malusà; L. Bardi. Use of Rhizosphere Beneficial Microrganisms Inocula to Improve Water Efficiency in Piedmont Maize Crop. Journal of Biotechnology 2010, 150, 490 -490.
AMA StyleF. Zoppellari, F. Rosso, G. Sala, W. Chiatarra, E. Malusà, L. Bardi. Use of Rhizosphere Beneficial Microrganisms Inocula to Improve Water Efficiency in Piedmont Maize Crop. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150 ():490-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Zoppellari; F. Rosso; G. Sala; W. Chiatarra; E. Malusà; L. Bardi. 2010. "Use of Rhizosphere Beneficial Microrganisms Inocula to Improve Water Efficiency in Piedmont Maize Crop." Journal of Biotechnology 150, no. : 490-490.
Maria Teresa Dell’Abate; Stefano Mocali; Laura Bardi; Letizia Pompili; Anna Benedetti. Enhancing oil degradation in soil by stimulating endogenous microbial activity. Journal of Biotechnology 2010, 150, 568 -568.
AMA StyleMaria Teresa Dell’Abate, Stefano Mocali, Laura Bardi, Letizia Pompili, Anna Benedetti. Enhancing oil degradation in soil by stimulating endogenous microbial activity. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010; 150 ():568-568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Teresa Dell’Abate; Stefano Mocali; Laura Bardi; Letizia Pompili; Anna Benedetti. 2010. "Enhancing oil degradation in soil by stimulating endogenous microbial activity." Journal of Biotechnology 150, no. : 568-568.
Azo dyes are complex compounds generally recalcitrant to biodegradation. From their catabolism several toxic and carcinogenic compounds are formed, in particular when their decolorization is reached through a reductive cleavage of the azo groups. For this reason the full degradation of the dyes and the intermediates is necessary to prevent risks for human health. Their mineralization can usually be reached with aerobic treatments or with two-steps anaerobic/aerobic treatments. Several environmental and physiological factors can influence the microbial activity and consequently the efficacy and effectiveness of the complete biodegradation processes. The roles of oxygen, bioavailability, adsorption, nutrients and cometabolic induction, dye concentration, pH, temperature, and salinity are treated.
Laura Bardi; Mario Marzona. Factors Affecting the Complete Mineralization of Azo Dyes. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2010, 9, 195 -210.
AMA StyleLaura Bardi, Mario Marzona. Factors Affecting the Complete Mineralization of Azo Dyes. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2010; 9 ():195-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Bardi; Mario Marzona. 2010. "Factors Affecting the Complete Mineralization of Azo Dyes." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 9, no. : 195-210.
To further elucidate the biosynthesis of lipids in flor strains under fermentative conditions, the transcription levels of the lipid biosynthetic genes ACS1, ACS2, ACC1, OLE1, ERG1, ERG11, ARE1 and ARE2, as well as the lipid composition and cell viability of a flor strain were compared with that of a non-flor strain during hypoxic and aerobic fermentations in the absence of lipid nutrients. While no significant differences in transcription levels or lipid compositions were observed between the two strains when oxygen was not limiting, significant differences were seen during hypoxic fermentation. In this last condition, the flor strain, in spite of higher levels of transcription of hypoxic genes, lost the abilities to desaturate fatty acids and complete ergosterol biosynthesis, and showed a dramatic loss of viability. In contrast, the non-flor strain, which showed lower transcription levels, was able to reach a balanced lipid composition and maintained a higher cell viability. One possible explanation is that the flor strain requires a higher amount of oxygen than the non-flor strain in order to carry out the oxygen-dependent steps of lipid biosynthesis under fermentative conditions.
Giacomo Zara; Daniele Angelozzi; Simona Belviso; Laura Bardi; Paola Goffrini; Tiziana Lodi; Marilena Budroni; Ilaria Mannazzu. Oxygen is required to restore flor strain viability and lipid biosynthesis under fermentative conditions. FEMS Yeast Research 2009, 9, 217 -225.
AMA StyleGiacomo Zara, Daniele Angelozzi, Simona Belviso, Laura Bardi, Paola Goffrini, Tiziana Lodi, Marilena Budroni, Ilaria Mannazzu. Oxygen is required to restore flor strain viability and lipid biosynthesis under fermentative conditions. FEMS Yeast Research. 2009; 9 (2):217-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Zara; Daniele Angelozzi; Simona Belviso; Laura Bardi; Paola Goffrini; Tiziana Lodi; Marilena Budroni; Ilaria Mannazzu. 2009. "Oxygen is required to restore flor strain viability and lipid biosynthesis under fermentative conditions." FEMS Yeast Research 9, no. 2: 217-225.
To verify a possible correlation between cell lipid composition, expression of key genes in lipid metabolism and fermentative behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains. The fermentative abilities of two commercial wine strains of S. cerevisiae were tested under stressful conditions. Cell number, glucose and fructose concentrations, expression of ACS1, ACS2, ACC1, OLE1, ERG9, ERG10, ARE1 and ARE2 and lipid content were evaluated. The strain that failed to complete the fermentation had lower amounts of C16:1 and C16:0 fatty acids at the beginning of fermentation (0 h) and late logarithmic phase (72 h). While the amount of C18:1 in this strain was lower than that in the strain that completed the fermentation at 0 h, same levels were observed for both strains at 72 h. The sterol levels were generally higher in the strain that failed to complete the fermentation. Gene expression generally increased from the beginning of the fermentation to the late logarithmic phase in both strains. A positive correlation between good fermentative ability, elevated fatty acid content and ACC1 gene expression has been identified. The cell lipid content at the time of inoculum and expression of ACC1 gene of starter strains should be carefully considered in order to identify the possible stuck/sluggish fermentations.
G. Zara; Laura Bardi; S. Belviso; G.A. Farris; Severino Zara; M. Budroni. Correlation between cell lipid content, gene expression and fermentative behaviour of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2008, 104, 906 -914.
AMA StyleG. Zara, Laura Bardi, S. Belviso, G.A. Farris, Severino Zara, M. Budroni. Correlation between cell lipid content, gene expression and fermentative behaviour of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2008; 104 (3):906-914.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Zara; Laura Bardi; S. Belviso; G.A. Farris; Severino Zara; M. Budroni. 2008. "Correlation between cell lipid content, gene expression and fermentative behaviour of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains." Journal of Applied Microbiology 104, no. 3: 906-914.
Meat and bone meal (MBM) utilization for animal production was banned in the European Union since 2000 as a consequence of the appearance of transmissive spongiform encephalopathies. Soil application could represent a lawful and effective strategy for the sustainable recycling of MBM due to its relevant content of nutritive elements and organic matter. The effectiveness of MBM as organic fertilizer needs to be thoroughly investigated since there is a lack of knowledge about the mineralization dynamics of MBM in soil and the impact of such residues, in particular the high content of lipids, on soil biochemical and microbiological properties. For this aim, a defatted (D) and the correspondent non-defatted (ND) MBM were added at two rates (200 and 400 kg N ha−1) to two different moist soils and incubated at 15 and 20 °C for 14 d. MBM mineralization dynamics was studied by measuring CO2 evolution. Water extractable organic C, K2SO4-extractable NO3− and NH4+, microbial biomass ninhydrin-reactive N, enzymatic activities (FDA, urease, protease, alkaline phosphatase) and microbial composition (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi) were measured 2 and 14 d after MBM addition to the soil. The rate of CO2 evolution showed a maximum 2–3 d after the addition of MBM, followed by a decrease approaching the control. MBM mineralization was fast with, on average, 54% of total CO2 evolved in the first 4 d of incubation at 20 °C. The percentage of added C which was evolved as CO2 at the end of the incubation period ranged between 8% and 16% and was affected by temperature, soil type and MBM treatment (ND > D). Soil amendment with MBM caused a noteworthy increase in both extractable NH4+ and NO3− (about 50% of added N) which was higher for ND. The addition of MBM also enhanced microbial content and activity. Microbial biomass increased as a function of the rate of application and was higher for ND with respect to D. The increase in numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi caused by MBM addition was, in general, more pronounced with ND. Enzymatic activity in amended soils showed an enhancement in nutrient availability and element cycling. At the rate of application of present work, lipids did not cause adverse effects on soil microorganisms. The potential of MBM as effective organic fertilizer was supported by the large increase in available N and the enhancement of the size and activity of soil microorganisms.
Claudio Mondini; Maria Luz Cayuela; Tania Sinicco; Miguel Angel Sánchez-Monedero; Eleonora Bertolone; Laura Bardi. Soil application of meat and bone meal. Short-term effects on mineralization dynamics and soil biochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2008, 40, 462 -474.
AMA StyleClaudio Mondini, Maria Luz Cayuela, Tania Sinicco, Miguel Angel Sánchez-Monedero, Eleonora Bertolone, Laura Bardi. Soil application of meat and bone meal. Short-term effects on mineralization dynamics and soil biochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2008; 40 (2):462-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Mondini; Maria Luz Cayuela; Tania Sinicco; Miguel Angel Sánchez-Monedero; Eleonora Bertolone; Laura Bardi. 2008. "Soil application of meat and bone meal. Short-term effects on mineralization dynamics and soil biochemical and microbiological properties." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40, no. 2: 462-474.