It has been demonstrated that fractional derivatives exhibit a range of solutions that are helpful in the engineering, medical, and manufacturing sciences. Particularly in analytical research, investigations on using fractional derivatives in fluid flow are still in their infancy. Therefore, it is still being determined whether fractional derivatives may be represented geometrically in the mechanics of the flow of fluids. However, theoretical research will be helpful in supporting upcoming experimental research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to showcase an application of Caputo–Fabrizio toward the Casson fluid flowing in an unsteady boundary layer. Mass diffusion and heat radiation are taken into account while analyzing the PDEs that governed the problem. Dimensionless governing equations are formed from the fractional PDEs by utilizing the necessary dimensionless variables. Once the equations have been transformed into linear ODEs, the solution may then be found by applying the Laplace transform technique. Inverting Laplace transforms by Stehfest’s and Tzou’s Algorithm is then used to retrieve the original variables and the solutions as concentration, temperature, and velocity fields. Graphical illustrations sketched using the Mathcad program are used to show how physical parameters affect temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles. Findings show that the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles have been improved by thermal radiation, mass diffusion, and fractional parameters. The fractional derivative is a more general derivative due to its nonlocal and flexible nature the flow model that is formulated by applying the fractional derivative is suitable to address the memory effect. The present fractionalized results of velocity, concentration, and temperature are more general and applicable to the wide range of orders of fractional derivatives.

Non-Newtonian fluid flow is significant in engineering and biomedical applications such as thermal exchangers, electrical cooling mechanisms, nuclear reactor cooling, drug delivery, blood flow analysis, and tissue engineering. The Caputo operator has emerged as a prevalent tool in fractional calculus, garnering widespread recognition. This research aims to introduce a novel derivative by merging the proportional and Caputo operators, resulting in the fractional operator known as the constant proportional Caputo. In order to demonstrate this newly defined operator’s dynamic qualities, it was employed in the analysis of the unsteady Casson flow model. In addition, the current work shows an analytical analysis to determine the Soret effect on the fractionalized MHD Casson fluid over an oscillating vertical plate. Fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) are used to formulate the problem along with IBCs. The introduction of appropriate nondimensional variables converts the PDEs into dimensionless form. The precise solutions to the fractional governing PDEs are then determined by the Laplace transform method. Velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles; the impacts of the Prandtl number; fractional parameter β and γ; and Soret and Schmidt numbers are graphically depicted. The profiles of temperature, concentration, and velocity rise with rising time and fractional parameters. Interestingly, as the Casson flow parameter is higher, fluid velocity decreases closest to the plate but increases away from the plate. Tables showing the findings for the skin-friction coefficient, Sherwood, and Nusselt numbers for a range of flow-controlling parameter values are provided. Furthermore, an investigation is undertaken to compare fractionalized and ordinary velocity fields. The results suggest that the fractional model employing a constant proportional derivative exhibits a quicker decay than the model incorporating conventional Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio operators.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of common sleep problems among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their relationship with the disease activity and quality of life. Patients and methods: The study sample consisted of 101 patients who attended a rheumatology clinic at a university hospital between October 2015 and May 2016. All subjects were clinically examined and interviewed by physicians using a questionnaire. The collected information included sociodemographic characteristics, the patients’ medical histories, the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Berlin questionnaire to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), the Athens Insomnia Scale to assess insomnia, the International RLS Study Group score to diagnose restless legs syndrome (RLS), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to assess the quality of life. Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.7±14.6 years, and 95% of the participants were females. Approximately 60% of the participants were in the remission/low category of disease activity, and the average DAS28 score was 3.3±0.8 years. The prevalence rates of insomnia, EDS, sleep disturbance, risk of OSA, and RLS were 63%, 20%, 20%, 37%, and 63%, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of sleep disorders was not affected by the disease activity. The association between the HAQ and sleep disorders among the RA patients was not significant. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are common among RA patients and may require further attention by treating clinicians; nevertheless, these disorders are not associated with disease activity and do not affect the quality of life.

Objective: Arthrocentesis is an effective procedure for management of symptomatic patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR), but its prognostic factors are still under investigation. Methods: Thirty-six patients with ADDWOR underwent arthrocentesis of the TMJ and hyaluronic acid injection. They were divided into groups based on three prognostic factors: Age, gender, and the presence of parafunctional habits. The procedure outcome (success or failure) was based on pre-set criteria for improvement in pain and maximum mouth opening (MMO) one month preoperatively. Results: Patients with parafunctional habits had a lower success rate than patients without these habits. Interesting trends were noted with age and gender as prognostic factors for arthrocentesis for patients with ADDWOR. Conclusion: Arthrocentesis is an effective management method for symptomatic patients with ADDWOR at one-month post treatment, especially in the absence of parafunctional habits.