Antibiotic resistance is an issue of growing importance in the public health sphere. Medical interns are of great relevance when it comes to the source of this problem. This study therefore sought to ascertain which factors influence the management of antibiotic therapy by this population, in order to pinpoint the possible causes of misprescribing habits. We conducted a qualitative study based on focus group techniques, with groups consisting of medical interns from the Santiago de Compostela Clinical University Teaching Hospital. Our study identified factors which the participants considered to be determinants of antibiotic use and their relationship with the appearance of resistance. The single most repeated factor was the influence of the attending physician’s judgement; other factors included a high healthcare burden or prescribing inertia. This stage is an opportunity to correct misprescribing habits, by implementing educational interventions aimed at modifying the identified factors.

Background: Concern has risen about the effects of COVID-19 in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The aim of our study was to determine clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ILD patients admitted for COVID-19. Methods: Ancillary analysis of an international, multicenter COVID-19 registry (HOPE: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation) was performed. The subgroup of ILD patients was selected and compared with the rest of the cohort. Results: A total of 114 patients with ILDs were evaluated. Mean ± SD age was 72.4 ± 13.6 years, and 65.8% were men. ILD patients were older, had more comorbidities, received more home oxygen therapy and more frequently had respiratory failure upon admission than non-ILD patients (all p < 0.05). In laboratory findings, ILD patients more frequently had elevated LDH, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels (all p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease and respiratory insufficiency on admission were predictors of ventilatory support, and that older age, kidney disease and elevated LDH were predictors of death. Conclusions: Our data show that ILD patients admitted for COVID-19 are older, have more comorbidities, more frequently require ventilatory support and have higher mortality than those without ILDs. Older age, kidney disease and LDH were independent predictors of mortality in this population.

Background/Objectives: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience profound immunosuppression, increasing their risk of infections. Revaccination is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate post-transplant vaccination coverage among patients treated at a specialized reference center. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study including patients who underwent HSCT between 1 January 2018 and 31 May 2021. Vaccination coverage was assessed for each recommended vaccine, and full compliance was defined according to the Spanish Ministry of Health guidelines. A competing risk survival analysis was performed to account for loss to follow-up due to death. Data analysis was carried out using STATA v15. Results: Among 138 included patients, 22.46% (31/138) died, and 11.59% (16/138) relapsed. Of the 107 patients who remained in follow-up at 19 months, 41.12% (44/107) (95% CI: 32.26–50.59) had completed the full vaccination schedule, while only 1.87% (2/107) (95% CI: 0.51–6.56) achieved temporal compliance. No significant association was observed between sex and vaccination status or competing risks (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Post-HSCT vaccination coverage remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for improved vaccination programs, multidisciplinary patient support, and enhanced public and professional awareness to ensure timely immunization in this high-risk population.