Immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides are graded for breast cancer based on visual markers and morphological characteristics of stained membrane regions. The usage of whole slide images (WSIs) from histology in digital pathology algorithms for computer-assisted evaluations has increased recently. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-stained microscopic images are challenging, time-consuming, and error-prone to evaluate manually. This is due to different staining, overlapped regions, and huge, non-homogeneous slides. Additionally, the classification of HER2 images by the selection of fundamental features must be used to capture the difficult elements of the images, such as the irregular cell structure and the coloring of the tissue of the cells. To solve the above problems, a transfer learning model-based, trainable metaheuristic method for choosing the best features is suggested in this paper. Moreover, the suggested model is efficient in reducing model complexity and computational costs as well as avoiding overfitting. The four main components of the proposed cascaded design are: (a) converting WSIs to tiled images and enhancing contrast with fast local Laplacian filtering (FlLpF); (b) extracting features with a ResNet50 CNN technique based on transfer learning; (c) selecting the most informative features with the help of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) optimizer; and (d) using a support vector machine (SVM) to classify HER2 scores. Results from the HER2SC and HER2GAN datasets show that the suggested model is superior to other methods already in use, with 94.4% accuracy, 93.71% precision, 98.07% specificity, 93.83% sensitivity, and a 93.71% F1-score for the HER2SC dataset being achieved.

Corneal diseases are the most common eye disorders. Deep learning techniques are used to perform automated diagnoses of cornea. Deep learning networks require large-scale annotated datasets, which is conceded as a weakness of deep learning. In this work, a method for synthesizing medical images using conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs), is presented. It also illustrates how produced medical images may be utilized to enrich medical data, improve clinical decisions, and boost the performance of the conventional neural network (CNN) for medical image diagnosis. The study includes using corneal topography captured using a Pentacam device from patients with corneal diseases. The dataset contained 3448 different corneal images. Furthermore, it shows how an unbalanced dataset affects the performance of classifiers, where the data are balanced using the resampling approach. Finally, the results obtained from CNN networks trained on the balanced dataset are compared to those obtained from CNN networks trained on the imbalanced dataset. For performance, the system estimated the diagnosis accuracy, precision, and F1-score metrics. Lastly, some generated images were shown to an expert for evaluation and to see how well experts could identify the type of image and its condition. The expert recognized the image as useful for medical diagnosis and for determining the severity class according to the shape and values, by generating images based on real cases that could be used as new different stages of illness between healthy and unhealthy patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected global patterns, and the period of the declared virus pandemic has had a negative influence on all aspects of life. This research focuses on categorizing and empirically investigating the role of digital platforms in learning and business processes during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the use of electronic learning (EL) has been boosted by COVID-19’s spread, and EL’s effectiveness on the sustainable development of electronic commerce due to the demand for a variety of electronic devices. For this purpose, the information has been collected through an online questionnaire applied to 430 participants from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The results indicate that participant usage and skills with electronic devices and online software programs are increasing, as the ratio indicated a level of 68% for both genders. Thus, the significance of EL concerning electronic commercial enterprises has been openly acknowledged and influenced by numerous factors. In addition, several suggestions and steps to be undertaken by the government are highlighted. Finally, this research mentions the current limitations of EL and suggests future works to build sustainable online experiences.

Sentiment analysis is a technique for determining whether data is positive, negative, or neutral using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The particular challenge in classifying huge amounts of data is that it takes a long time and requires the employment of specialist human resources. Various deep learning techniques have been employed by different researchers to train and classify different datasets with varying outcomes. However, the results are not satisfactory. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel Sentiment Analysis approach based on Hybrid Neural Network Techniques. The preprocessing step is first applied to the Amazon Fine Food Reviews dataset in our architecture, which includes a number of data cleaning and text normalization techniques. The word embedding technique is then used to capture the semantics of the input by clustering semantically related inputs in the embedding space on the cleaned dataset. Finally, generated features were classified using three different deep learning techniques, including Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Hybrid CNN-RNN models, in two different ways, with each technique as follows: classification on the original feature set and classification on the reduced feature set based on Binary Coordinate Ascent (BCA) and Optimal Coordinate Ascent (OCA). The experimental results show that a hybrid CNN-RNN with the BCA and OCA algorithms outperforms state-of-the-art methods with 97.91% accuracy.