The cooling of semen storage at 5 °C from a Thai native rooster (Pradu Hang Dum), supplemented with herbs possessing antioxidant properties, provided limited research. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Aloe vera (AV) gel supplementation at various levels on the quality of cooled semen and subsequent fertility after artificial insemination. Sixty-four chickens had semen pooled, diluted, and supplemented with different levels of AV gel (0% as control, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, and 20%), and then stored for 72 h. In Experiment 1, semen quality, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and pH values were assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after storage. Experiment 2 assessed fertility potential using the most effective cooled storage semen from Experiment 1. Results showed a decrease in semen quality with prolonged storage time (p < 0.001). The highest semen quality was observed in the group supplemented with 1.0% AV gel (p < 0.001), whereas the lowest was noted in the 20% AV gel group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the 1.0% AV gel group exhibited the highest semen quality at 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. The evaluation of fertility and hatchability rates revealed a statistically significant improvement in fertility potential (p < 0.05) in the group supplemented with 1.0% AV gel. In summary, this study represents the first investigation of stored Thai native rooster semen using a semen extender supplemented with Aloe vera gel at 5 °C, demonstrating its efficacy for storage up to 72 h. The addition of 1% AV gel was recommended as an antioxidant supplementation during the semen storage process at 5 °C to enhance semen quality and fertility rates.

This study investigated the epidemiology of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infections among 42 meat goat herds in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, based on 913 fecal samples. The predominant parasites identified in the herd were strongyle (100.0%, 42/42), Trichuris spp. (73.8%, 31/42), Eimeria spp. (66.7%, 28/42), Moniezia spp. (64.3%, 27/42), Strongyloides spp. (38.1%, 16/42), and Paramphistomum spp. (7.1%, 3/42). Coinfection with at least two GI parasites was observed in 90.4% of the herds. Molecular analysis confirmed Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. as the strongyle species. The study explored parasite prevalence among animals, finding significant correlations with season, sex, age, and breed. Notably, the wet season showed increased strongyle and Eimeria spp. infections. Female animals had higher odds of strongyle infection, while younger animals (less than 1 year) were more susceptible. Conversely, animals aged over 1 year were more likely to be positive for Trichuris spp., Moniezia spp., and Eimeria spp. infections. Female animals exhibited poor body condition scores (BCS) and anemia, as indicated by the FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) levels. Correlations between age, clinical signs, hematological parameters, biochemistry, and GI parasite burdens were investigated, revealing significant associations. These findings emphasize the need for tailored intervention strategies considering seasonal variations, age, and sex differences for effective GI parasite control in meat goats. Prioritizing animals exhibiting poor BCS and elevated FAMACHA score is imperative to mitigate the deleterious impacts of GI parasitic infections on health and productivity.

Bovine neosporosis is among the main causes of abortion in cattle worldwide, causing serious economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. A highly sensitive and specific diagnostic method for the assessment of the epidemiology of the disease, as well as it surveillance and management, is imperative, due to the absence of an effective treatment or vaccine against neosporosis. In the present study, the immunodiagnostic performance of Neospora caninum peroxiredoxin 2 (NcPrx2), microneme 4 (NcMIC4), and surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1) to detect IgG antibodies against N. caninum in cattle were evaluated and compared with that of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The results revealed that NcSAG1 had the highest sensitivity and specificity, with values of 88.4% and 80.7%, respectively, followed by NcPrx2, with a high sensitivity of 87.0% but a low specificity of 67.0%, whereas NcMIC4 showed sensitivity and specificity of 84.1% and 78.9%, respectively, when compared with IFAT. A high degree of agreement was observed for NcSAG1 (k = 0.713) recombinant protein, showing the highest diagnostic capability, followed by NcMIC4 (k = 0.64) and NcPrx2 (k = 0.558). The present study demonstrates that NcSAG1 is helpful as an antigen marker and also demonstrates the potential immunodiagnostic capabilities of NcPrx2 and NcMIC4, which could serve as alternative diagnostic markers for detecting N. caninum infection in cattle. These markers may find utility in future treatment management, surveillance, and risk assessment of neosporosis in livestock or other animal host species. Further research should be directed toward understanding the in vivo immune response differences resulting from immunization with both recombinant proteins.

Roundworm nematodes are a significant problem in goat meat farming worldwide. These parasites can cause production losses, reduce feed efficiency and compromise animal health and welfare. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are common anthelmintic drugs to treat roundworm nematode infection in livestock. The objective of study was to detect roundworm resistance to MLs in meat goats in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and nineteen goats from 6 herds were studied from June to December 2022. Each herd was randomly allocated to control (n=21), epinomectin (n=34), ivermectin (n=40) and moxidectin (n=24) groups. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) was assessed based on the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and larva culture at pre-treatment (D0) and 14 days post-treatment (D14). Prevalence of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. infection was 100% (6/6 herd), and 66.7% (4/6 herd), respectively. The number of Strongyle eggs was significantly reduced in the eprinomectin group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the ivermectin group was significantly increased (p < 0.01). The prevalence of ML resistance of Strongyle nematodes and Trichuris spp. was 83.3% (5/6 herd) and 25.0% (1/4 herd), respectively. The dominant larva was Haemonchus contortus at pre- and post-treatment in every herd. This study demonstrated the presence of ML resistant Strongyle nematodes as H. contortus and Trichuris spp. in this area. To reduce ML resistance it can be useful to use drugs in combination or rotate MLs with other classes of anthelmintics or in targeted treatment programs and integrated parasite management strategies. Consequently, the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in small ruminants needs to be monitored and surveilled in this area.

Background and Aim: Cattle are the reservoir host of Coxiella burnetii, a causative agent of Q fever. Pooling herd-level prevalence data from individual studies would help determine the global prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle herds. This study aimed to estimate the global herd-level seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle, explore sources of heterogeneity, and determine trends and cumulative evidence of the pooled prevalence over time. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and then screened for possible inclusion. A random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to explore some sources of heterogeneity associated with the pooled prevalence and to determine the trends of C. burnetii in cattle herds over the study years (1961–2020). A cumulative meta-analysis was used to determine the cumulative evidence of the pooled prevalence over the publication years. Results: Of the 1541 citations, 86 studies with 38,057 cattle herds from 42 countries on six continents were included in the meta-analysis. The global herd-level seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle was estimated to be 44.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.9%–51.1%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies. The herd-level seroprevalence was significantly higher in dairy than in beef cattle herds (49.0% [95% CI: 41.9%–56.2%] vs. 14.5% [95% CI: 5.8%–32.1%], respectively). The global herd-level molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle was estimated to be 32.3% (95% CI: 25.3%–40.01%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies. Herd-level molecular prevalence was significantly different among continents. The herd-level molecular prevalence ranged from 12.8% (95% CI: 7.1%–21.9%) in Asia to 70.0% (95% CI: 36.3%–90.5%) in North America. Regarding trends, the herd-level seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle did not change significantly over the study years. Conclusion: The global herd-level seroprevalence and herd-level molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle were high, estimated at 44% and 32%, respectively. The herd-level seroprevalence trend did not significantly change over time. This result indicates that cattle remain a major reservoir host for C. burnetii and pose a potential risk to human health. Keywords: cattle, Coxiella burnetii, herd, prevalence, Q fever.

The objective of this study was to identify risk factors related to reproductive disorders caused by bacterial infections in goats in northeastern Thailand. Two hundred twenty farms were investigated, and 49 herds were found to have clinical reproductive disorders. Moreover, 96% (47/49) of herds showing clinical reproductive failure preferred to circulate bucks between herds. A total of 118 sera, including 85 clinical reproductive disorder cases such as abortion (n = 70), abortion with arthritis (n = 1), orchitis (n = 3), repeat breeder (n = 6), sterile (n = 1), and weak kids (n = 4), and 33 bucks’ circulations were serologically tested for bacterial infections caused by Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydophila abortus, and Brucella spp. Results showed 69% (81/118 cases) were seropositive for Q fever (n = 55; 46.61%), brucellosis (n = 8; 6.78), and chlamydiosis (n = 18; 15.25%), respectively; 82% of herds (40/49 herds) were infected with at least one of those diseases. Moreover, 40% of infected herds (16/40) had coinfection among the three of those diseases. Approximately 60% (20/33) of buck circulation showed seropositivity to at least one of the diseases, and 85% of infected bucks were seropositive for Q fever (17/20). Buck circulation between herds is a risk factor for diseases on farms ( ); odds ratio (OR = 109.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.61–1,807.38). Moreover, the annual brucellosis test is a protective factor against reproductive failure cases on farms ( ; OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.23–0.89). Reproductive disorder cases can be caused by sexual transmission, so buck circulation can yield Q fever, brucellosis, and chlamydiosis in communities. This investigation is the first report of chlamydiosis infection in our area. Concerning Q fever, chlamydiosis, and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases that impact animal health and production losses. Control and prevention measures related to risk factors together with active surveillance programs should be incorporated into client education.