En la actualidad, las empresas y entidades públicas y privadas de distintos sectores económicos se preocupan por diferentes factores. Estos factores evitan que las instituciones sean más eficientes y uno de ellos es el clima organizacional que influye de diversas formas al desempeño laboral y, por ende, a las metas u objetivos que se persiguen. El presente trabajo de investigación presenta información sobre el nivel de correlación existente entre dichas variables en una de las instituciones públicas reconocidas como lo es el Servicio de Rentas Internas. El propósito del trabajo es demostrar la relación del clima organizacional y el desempeño laboral, en función de un instrumento, aplicado a los trabajadores del SRI de la ciudad de Ambato, que mide los valores de cada constructo para así relacionarlos y presentar información adecuada para los lectores. La totalidad de los funcionarios de las agencias del SRI en la ciudad de Ambato, fue considerada como población; y el instrumento manejó respuestas basadas en escala tipo Likert con cinco opciones, tras comprobar la fiabilidad del instrumentó. Los métodos estadísticos utilizados tanto para calcular la relación entre los dos conjuntos de variables, como la asociación entre los constructos de la variable independiente sobre la variable dependiente, fueron las técnicas del coeficiente de correlación de Karl Pearson y el análisis de regresión lineal, respectivamente; que como resultado se encontró que existen dimensiones de clima organizacional que tienen relaciones estadísticamente significativas con variables del desempeño laboral. Llegando así a cumplir los objetivos de la investigación y permitiendo sentar un precedente para futuras investigaciones.

The rapid increase in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) creates major environmental and governance issues in developing countries like Ecuador struggle because they with minimal formal collection and recycling rates. This research presents a potential sustainable management approach that tracks products through their life cycles while following circular economy principles that include product extension and material extraction and waste minimization. A systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA methodology combined with a bibliometric analysis found essential global strategies and technological frameworks and regulatory frameworks. The analysis of articles demonstrates that information management systems (IMSs) together with digital technologies and consistent regulations serve as essential elements for enhancing traceability and material recovery and formal recycling processes. A WEEE management IMS model was developed for the Ecuadorian market through an analysis of the findings; it follows a five-stage development process, starting from the technological infrastructure setup to complete data visualization integration. The proposed model is designed to enable public–private–community partnerships using digital tools that promote sustainable practices. The combination of circular strategies with traceability technologies and strong regulatory frameworks leads to improved WEEE governance, which supports sustainable system transitions in emerging economies.

El estudio del emprendimiento femenino ha despertado el interés económico y político, así como el académico y científico, por lo que resulta de relevancia contribuir en la generación de conocimiento de esta temática que aún se encuentra en estado incipiente. Esta investigación analiza los factores sociales que inciden en la actividad emprendedora femenina en Sudamérica. Se parte de una revisión de literatura especializada, a nivel empírico se aplica el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) con datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para el periodo 2008-2013. Los resultados evidencian que los factores relacionados con aspectos sociales y culturales tales como: crear una empresa es una opción profesional socialmente aceptada para la mujer, fomento del autoempleo o la creación de empresas entre las mujeres y tanto hombres como mujeres tienen igual acceso a buenas oportunidades para crear una empresa, mantienen alto grado de significancia con el emprendimiento femenino en los países analizados. Un aspecto a concluir está relacionado con algunas notas de reflexión y retos que sugieren reforzar aspectos que no están siendo contemplados lo suficiente en las sociedades de la región sudamericanas.

The aim of this study is to analyze the invigorating effect of the Way of St. James in the Galician rural areas. To do so, we have chosen as a territorial scope the 14 rural municipalities that the “French Way” crosses in this Autonomous Community. The utilized data come from the Bank of Municipal Data of Instituto Galego de Estatística (IGE). A double approximation on the impact of this route has been made: on one hand, we analyze the behavior of different socioeconomic variables during the last two decades in the selected municipalities. On the other hand, we examine to what extent a more favorable dynamic has been witnessed in similar rural territories that do not have access to this product. Although the results of the analysis should be taken as a first approximation, data point to the existence of a very moderate impact of the Way of St. James, in the sense that the development of tourism activities linked to the Way are not sufficient to reverse the demographic and economic decline of these rural areas.

The study analyzes the use of chatbots in higher education institutions to improve academic and administrative communication. Through surveys, interviews and the development of a prototype, it was evaluated how these technological tools optimize the student experience. The literature review also provided a theoretical framework for their application in the university context. The results show that students value speed and accuracy in areas such as enrollment, academic policies and scholarships, which contributes to higher satisfaction. The study suggests that chatbots improve communication and reduce administrative burden, but their functionalities need to be refined to deal with more sophisticated questions. Future studies could focus on evaluating their impact in the long term and in other educational environments, exploring their potential as a strategic tool for higher education institutions. Keywords: chatbot, higher education, artificial intelligence, effective communication, technology.

Although electrical and electronic equipment are the most used in everyday life, linear economy, which is based on producing, using, and discarding, is causing a high impact on human health due to the harmful effect of some of the materials that are disposed of inadequately. Consequently, the circular economy in the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste (WEEE) sector has taken a great boost, whose purpose is to reduce, reuse, and recycle. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of e-waste management and the circular economy in the Ecuadorian context. Methodologically, it is approached from a qualitative and exploratory method, constituting a starting point for the analysis of the selected sector. The results have implications applicable to the data collected for the case study, which are limited, and the management of electrical and electronic equipment waste, that requires changes in the value chain and collaboration between actors to ensure systemic functioning. In conclusion, the biggest challenge with respect to WEEE focuses on generating environmental and social health awareness, as well as the generation of circular economic activities.