Although the significance of these findings for pathophysiologic models of primary insomnia remains unclear, this study suggests that primary insomnia is characterized by altered structural connectivity related to regulation of sleep and wakefulness, particularly involving limbic cognitive function and sensorimotor regions. Purpose To analyze the integrity of white matter (WM) tracts in primary insomnia patients and provide better characterization of abnormal WM integrity and its relationship with disease duration and clinical features of primary insomnia. Materials and Methods This prospective study was approved by the ethics committee of the Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare changes in diffusion parameters of WM tracts from 23 primary insomnia patients and 30 healthy control (HC) participants, and the accuracy of these changes in distinguishing insomnia patients from HC participants was evaluated. Voxel-wise statistics across subjects was performed by using a 5000-permutation set with family-wise error correction (family-wise error, P < .05). Multiple regressions were used to analyze the associations between the abnormal fractional anisotropy (FA) in WM with disease duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, insomnia severity index, self-rating anxiety scale, a...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising treatment options, showcasing immense potential in addressing both oncologic and nononcologic diseases. Single‐component organic phototherapeutic agents (SCOPAs) offer advantages compared to inorganic or multicomponent nanomedicine, including better biosafety, lower toxicity, simpler synthesis, and enhanced reproducibility. Nonetheless, how to further improve the therapeutic effectiveness of SCOPAs remains a challenging research area. This review delves deeply into strategies to improve the performance of PDT or PTT by optimizing the structural design of SCOPAs. These strategies encompass augmenting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitigating oxygen dependence, elevating light absorption capacity, broadening the absorption region, and enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, this review also underscores the ideal strategies for developing SCOPAs with balanced PDT and PTT. Furthermore, the potential synergies are highlighted between PDT and PTT with other treatment modalities such as ferroptosis, gas therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these strategies, this review aspires to serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers, facilitating the wider application and advancement of SCOPAs‐mediated PDT and PTT.