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Beatrice Belletti
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Corrosion and Materials Degradation
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During their service life, existing structures may suffer a combination of ageing and reinforcement corrosion. The corrosion deterioration can significantly affect the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) elements causing premature concrete crushing, size reduction of reinforcement cross-section, degradation of mechanical properties of steel and concrete, and stirrups rupture. One of the main purposes related to durability reduction is the evaluation of the maintenance of adequate safety and residual capacity throughout the life of the structure. For this reason, a non-linear finite element approach (NLFEA), based on multi-layer shell elements and PARC_CL 2.1 crack model has been presented in this paper. The PARC_CL 2.1 model is a fixed crack model developed at the University of Parma and implemented in a subroutine UMAT for ABAQUS that incorporates cyclic constitutive laws of materials and the evolution of corrosion over time. In the present work, the crack model was improved by implementing the effects of exposure to environmental attack. Firstly, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been validated through comparison with experimental data available in literature. The residual capacity of corroded RC panels subjected to cyclic loads was then investigated over time considering different exposure classes. Based on the obtained results, the capacity reduction in terms of maximum shear stress and ductility have been estimated over time.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Franceschini; Francesca Vecchi; Beatrice Belletti. The PARC_CL 2.1 Crack Model for NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Corrosion Deterioration. Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2021, 2, 474 -492.

AMA Style

Lorenzo Franceschini, Francesca Vecchi, Beatrice Belletti. The PARC_CL 2.1 Crack Model for NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Corrosion Deterioration. Corrosion and Materials Degradation. 2021; 2 (3):474-492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Franceschini; Francesca Vecchi; Beatrice Belletti. 2021. "The PARC_CL 2.1 Crack Model for NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Corrosion Deterioration." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 3: 474-492.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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The geometric morphology of pits induced by corrosion has been investigated. To this aim, twenty-four seven-wire strands coming from 10 years old naturally corroded prestressed concrete beams have been analysed. The cross-sections of corroded strands were measured and examined in detail. The morphology of corrosion pits has been recorded by using a structured light 3D scanner and classified in terms of maximum pit depth, longitudinal dimension, and transversal width. Then, a new method for the approximate evaluation of the average pit depth of prestressing strands has been proposed. Finally, the pitting factor of the corroded samples has been calculated.

ACS Style

Francesca Vecchi; Lorenzo Franceschini; Francesco Tondolo; Beatrice Belletti; Javier Sánchez Montero; Paolo Minetola. Corrosion morphology of prestressing steel strands in naturally corroded PC beams. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 296, 123720 .

AMA Style

Francesca Vecchi, Lorenzo Franceschini, Francesco Tondolo, Beatrice Belletti, Javier Sánchez Montero, Paolo Minetola. Corrosion morphology of prestressing steel strands in naturally corroded PC beams. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 296 ():123720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Vecchi; Lorenzo Franceschini; Francesco Tondolo; Beatrice Belletti; Javier Sánchez Montero; Paolo Minetola. 2021. "Corrosion morphology of prestressing steel strands in naturally corroded PC beams." Construction and Building Materials 296, no. : 123720.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Buildings
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Existing reinforced concrete (RC) members, designed in accordance with obsolete codes, are often characterized by high stirrup spacing. The collapse mechanisms generated by high stirrup spacing are typically related to the buckling of longitudinal reinforcement and can be accentuated when corrosion takes place. In this paper, new refined material constitutive laws for steel, including inelastic buckling and corrosion of reinforcement, are implemented in a fixed crack model suitable for RC elements subjected to cyclic loadings called the PARC_CL 2.1 crack model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparison with available experimental data and analytical predictions. Finally, the proposed model is used to calibrate correction coefficients to be applied to current codes formulation for the ultimate rotational capacity prediction of non-conforming elements subjected to buckling phenomena and characterized by corrosion of reinforcing bars.

ACS Style

Francesca Vecchi; Beatrice Belletti. Capacity Assessment of Existing RC Columns. Buildings 2021, 11, 161 .

AMA Style

Francesca Vecchi, Beatrice Belletti. Capacity Assessment of Existing RC Columns. Buildings. 2021; 11 (4):161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Vecchi; Beatrice Belletti. 2021. "Capacity Assessment of Existing RC Columns." Buildings 11, no. 4: 161.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering
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Corrosion of embedded reinforcement is the main cause of deterioration of existing reinforced concrete infrastructure. Corrosion can significantly affect the seismic response and failure mode of reinforced concrete elements, causing premature concrete crushing, size reduction of reinforcement, degradation of mechanical properties of steel and concrete, and degradation and breaking of stirrups. The latter effects trigger inelastic buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement. In this paper, a non-linear finite-element approach, based on multi-layer shell elements and a crack model, is presented. The fixed crack model was developed at the University of Parma (Italy) and is implemented as a subroutine in standard finite-element software. The model incorporates cyclic constitutive laws for steel able to account for buckling of longitudinal rebars and the effects of corrosion. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparison with experimental data available in the literature. Finally, the capability of the proposed shell modelling to implicitly consider axial force, shear force and bending moment interaction is discussed and comparisons with analytical model and non-linear finite-element analysis results are provided.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Francesca Vecchi. A crack model for corroded reinforced concrete elements subject to cyclic loading. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 2021, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Francesca Vecchi. A crack model for corroded reinforced concrete elements subject to cyclic loading. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering. 2021; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Francesca Vecchi. 2021. "A crack model for corroded reinforced concrete elements subject to cyclic loading." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Robustness of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is an ongoing challenging research topic in the engineering community. During an extreme event, the loss of vertical load-bearing elements can activate large-deformation resisting mechanisms such as membrane and catenary actions in beams and floor slabs of cast-in-situ RC buildings to resist gravity loads. However, few studies have been conducted for precast concrete (PC) buildings, especially focused on the capacity of such structures to withstand column loss scenarios, which mainly relies on connection strength. Additional resistance resource and alternate load paths could be reached via tying systems. In this paper, the progressive collapse resistance of a PC frame building is analyzed by means of nonlinear dynamic finite element analyses focusing on the fundamental roles played by beam-to-column connection strength and tying reinforcement. A simplified modelling approach is illustrated in order to investigate the response of such a structural typology to a number of sudden column-removal scenarios. The relative simplicity of the modelling technique is considered useful for engineering practice, providing new input for further research in this field.

ACS Style

Simone Ravasini; Beatrice Belletti; Emanuele Brunesi; Roberto Nascimbene; Fulvio Parisi. Nonlinear Dynamic Response of a Precast Concrete Building to Sudden Column Removal. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 599 .

AMA Style

Simone Ravasini, Beatrice Belletti, Emanuele Brunesi, Roberto Nascimbene, Fulvio Parisi. Nonlinear Dynamic Response of a Precast Concrete Building to Sudden Column Removal. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simone Ravasini; Beatrice Belletti; Emanuele Brunesi; Roberto Nascimbene; Fulvio Parisi. 2021. "Nonlinear Dynamic Response of a Precast Concrete Building to Sudden Column Removal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 599.

Technical paper
Published: 24 August 2020 in Structural Concrete
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An experimental campaign was carried out on full‐scale naturally corroded prestressed concrete (PC) beams without transverse reinforcement to investigate the corrosion effects on failure modes, shear capacity, and ductility. The analyzed PC beams, structural members of a thermal power plant, were subjected for 10 years to refrigerating wetting cycles with marine water. In this paper, the experimental results of four‐point bending tests, carried out at the Institute “Eduardo Torroja” in Madrid, are described. Before tests, a visual inspection was conducted to detect the damages induced by corrosion. During the tests, displacements and strains were measured by using linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) and digital image correlation (DIC). After the tests, strands were removed from beams and cut in pieces, which were weighed to measure the mass loss. Last, it was proved that the residual life of PC beams, exposed to chloride attack, is strongly affected by corrosion, whose effects reduce the shear capacity in terms of both resistance and ductility.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Jesús Rodríguez; Carmen Andrade; Lorenzo Franceschini; Javier Sánchez Montero; Francesca Vecchi. Experimental tests on shear capacity of naturally corroded prestressed beams. Structural Concrete 2020, 21, 1777 -1793.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Jesús Rodríguez, Carmen Andrade, Lorenzo Franceschini, Javier Sánchez Montero, Francesca Vecchi. Experimental tests on shear capacity of naturally corroded prestressed beams. Structural Concrete. 2020; 21 (5):1777-1793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Jesús Rodríguez; Carmen Andrade; Lorenzo Franceschini; Javier Sánchez Montero; Francesca Vecchi. 2020. "Experimental tests on shear capacity of naturally corroded prestressed beams." Structural Concrete 21, no. 5: 1777-1793.

Technical paper
Published: 09 January 2020 in Structural Concrete
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Corrosion of prestressed concrete structures causes size reduction of strands, degradation of mechanical properties of steel, cracking of the surrounding concrete, and bond decay at steel‐to‐concrete interface. In this paper, a numerical approach able to take into account all the effects involved in the corrosion process by using nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and membrane or shell elements modeling is proposed. Two different strategies are adopted to model strands: the smeared and the discrete approaches. The results obtained using these latter strategies are validated by comparing NLFEA results with experimental measurements of a naturally corroded prestressed beam tested at the “Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja” in Madrid. Finally, pros and cons of the proposed modeling approach are critically analyzed, demonstrating that considering the actual spatial corrosion distribution is necessary to predict the position where failure occurs.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Francesca Vecchi; Cecilia Bandini; Carmen Andrade; Javier Sánchez Montero. Numerical evaluation of the corrosion effects in prestressed concrete beams without shear reinforcement. Structural Concrete 2020, 21, 1794 -1809.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Francesca Vecchi, Cecilia Bandini, Carmen Andrade, Javier Sánchez Montero. Numerical evaluation of the corrosion effects in prestressed concrete beams without shear reinforcement. Structural Concrete. 2020; 21 (5):1794-1809.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Francesca Vecchi; Cecilia Bandini; Carmen Andrade; Javier Sánchez Montero. 2020. "Numerical evaluation of the corrosion effects in prestressed concrete beams without shear reinforcement." Structural Concrete 21, no. 5: 1794-1809.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Magazine of Concrete Research
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Punching shear resistance formulations provided by codes are usually calibrated on tests results of isolated specimens that typically simulate the slab zone within the points of contraflexure around the column (hogging area). However, the behaviour of actual continuous flat slabs can be different than that of isolated specimens due to the beneficial contributions of moment redistributions and membrane actions that cannot take place in isolated specimens. This paper presents a parametric study carried out to highlight the influence of the main geometrical features and the reinforcement layout affecting the punching shear resistance of continuous slabs around internal columns.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Aurelio Muttoni; Simone Ravasini; Francesca Vecchi. Parametric analysis on punching shear resistance of reinforced-concrete continuous slabs. Magazine of Concrete Research 2019, 71, 1083 -1096.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Aurelio Muttoni, Simone Ravasini, Francesca Vecchi. Parametric analysis on punching shear resistance of reinforced-concrete continuous slabs. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2019; 71 (20):1083-1096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Aurelio Muttoni; Simone Ravasini; Francesca Vecchi. 2019. "Parametric analysis on punching shear resistance of reinforced-concrete continuous slabs." Magazine of Concrete Research 71, no. 20: 1083-1096.

Conference paper
Published: 05 September 2019 in Proceedings of EECE 2020
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This paper reports on a collaborative activity developed as part of the DPC-ReLUIS Research Project, year 2017. It aims at comparing the results obtained by considering alternative options in the definition of the nonlinear FEM model employed in pushover analyses for seismic assessment of existing RC frames. Specifically, the RC frame structure of the De Gasperi-Battaglia school building located in Norcia, Italy, is considered as a relevant case-study. This structure has been designed in the ‘60s of the past century according to the seismic code of the time and, hence, without taking into account the principles of Capacity Design. Although the building was actually retrofitted before the 2016 Central Italian earthquake, in this paper its original configuration has been considered. The nonlinear behaviour of the frame structure has been modelled by both following alternative approaches and employing different analysis codes. Therefore, this paper proposes an overview about how different the simulation output can be as a result of different modelling and analysis choices. In doing that, the work can be relevant to practitioners, as they may be warned about the consequences of those choices in terms of seismic vulnerability evaluation.

ACS Style

Carmine Lima; Michele Angiolilli; F. Barbagallo; B. Belletti; A. V. Bergami; G. Camata; Cristina Cantagallo; M. Di Domenico; G. Fiorentino; A. Ghersi; A. Gregori; D. Lavorato; R. Luciano; E. M. Marino; E. Martinelli; C. Nuti; P. Ricci; L. Rosati; Sergio Ruggieri; S. Sessa; E. Spacone; M. Terrenzi; G. Uva; F. Vecchi; G. M. Verderame. Nonlinear Modeling Approaches for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings: The Case Study of De Gasperi-Battaglia School Building in Norcia. Proceedings of EECE 2020 2019, 82 -95.

AMA Style

Carmine Lima, Michele Angiolilli, F. Barbagallo, B. Belletti, A. V. Bergami, G. Camata, Cristina Cantagallo, M. Di Domenico, G. Fiorentino, A. Ghersi, A. Gregori, D. Lavorato, R. Luciano, E. M. Marino, E. Martinelli, C. Nuti, P. Ricci, L. Rosati, Sergio Ruggieri, S. Sessa, E. Spacone, M. Terrenzi, G. Uva, F. Vecchi, G. M. Verderame. Nonlinear Modeling Approaches for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings: The Case Study of De Gasperi-Battaglia School Building in Norcia. Proceedings of EECE 2020. 2019; ():82-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmine Lima; Michele Angiolilli; F. Barbagallo; B. Belletti; A. V. Bergami; G. Camata; Cristina Cantagallo; M. Di Domenico; G. Fiorentino; A. Ghersi; A. Gregori; D. Lavorato; R. Luciano; E. M. Marino; E. Martinelli; C. Nuti; P. Ricci; L. Rosati; Sergio Ruggieri; S. Sessa; E. Spacone; M. Terrenzi; G. Uva; F. Vecchi; G. M. Verderame. 2019. "Nonlinear Modeling Approaches for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings: The Case Study of De Gasperi-Battaglia School Building in Norcia." Proceedings of EECE 2020 , no. : 82-95.

Conference paper
Published: 22 January 2019 in Concrete Structures in Earthquake
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The possibility of predicting and evaluating structural performances is a key feature in the modern performance-based design. PARC_CL 2.0 is a physical approach to the modeling of reinforced concrete structures. A multilayer shell approach is applied to the modeling of a 1/13 reinforced concrete vessel subjected to cyclic loading. An assessment of the predictive capacity of the proposed model is analyzed through numerical versus experimental data comparison. Local and global parameters can be assessed with adequate accuracy, although there is room for improvements.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Alessandro Stocchi; Francesca Vecchi. Validation of the PARC_CL 2.0 Crack Model by the Cyclic Tests of 1/13-Scale Nuclear Containment Structures. Concrete Structures in Earthquake 2019, 47 -66.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Alessandro Stocchi, Francesca Vecchi. Validation of the PARC_CL 2.0 Crack Model by the Cyclic Tests of 1/13-Scale Nuclear Containment Structures. Concrete Structures in Earthquake. 2019; ():47-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Alessandro Stocchi; Francesca Vecchi. 2019. "Validation of the PARC_CL 2.0 Crack Model by the Cyclic Tests of 1/13-Scale Nuclear Containment Structures." Concrete Structures in Earthquake , no. : 47-66.

Conference paper
Published: 17 April 2018 in Proceedings of EECE 2020
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The punching shear resistance formulation provided by Model Code 2010 is calibrated on the basis of experimental tests on isolated slabs supported on columns. According to Level of Approximation approach, several quantities are required for the design punching shear resistance assessment, like the resisting moment and the radius of the line of moment contraflexure. In this paper specific formulations are provided to adjust these quantities in order to take into account for moment redistribution and compressive membrane action effects. The punching shear resistance, mostly investigated for axisymmetric cases, in terms of loading and boundary conditions, will be analysed referring to actual rectangular RC continuous floors with orthogonal reinforcement layouts, largely adopted in practice. The results of nonlinear finite element analyses, carried out using PARC_CL crack model, are post-processed according to the Critical Shear Crack Theory to predict the punching shear strength of the continuous slab.

ACS Style

B. Belletti; R. Cantone; A. Muttoni. Shell Modelling Strategies for the Assessment of Punching Shear Resistance of Continuous Slabs. Proceedings of EECE 2020 2018, 49 -57.

AMA Style

B. Belletti, R. Cantone, A. Muttoni. Shell Modelling Strategies for the Assessment of Punching Shear Resistance of Continuous Slabs. Proceedings of EECE 2020. 2018; ():49-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Belletti; R. Cantone; A. Muttoni. 2018. "Shell Modelling Strategies for the Assessment of Punching Shear Resistance of Continuous Slabs." Proceedings of EECE 2020 , no. : 49-57.

Conference paper
Published: 17 April 2018 in Proceedings of EECE 2020
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Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA) of the inelastic behaviour of RC walls are often carried out for uni-directional (in-plane) horizontal cyclic loading. In this paper the behaviour of RC walls with different cross-sections (T-shaped and U-shaped) subjected to bi-directional (in-plane and out-of-plane) loading is simulated by means of NLFEA. They are carried out with the software DIANA, using curved shell elements and a total strain crack model for concrete and embedded truss elements adopting Monti-Nuti model for the reinforcement. The aim of this paper is to validate this type of analysis by comparing the obtained results with experimental outcomes of two different RC slender walls, a T-shaped wall and a U-shaped wall, tested under quasi-static bidirectional cyclic load. In particular, the focus is on the comparison between different crack models (Fixed and Rotating crack models) and on the calibration of the Monti-Nuti model parameters for steel. NLFEA is found to acceptably simulate both the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour observed during the experimental tests. The present work is the starting point for future research in which parametric studies on the influence of reinforcement content and detailing will be performed, assessing their influence on the bidirectional response of RC walls and namely on other less known deformation modes such as out-of-plane instability.

ACS Style

B. Belletti; M. Scolari; J. Almeida; K. Beyer. Validation of NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Walls Under Bidirectional Loading. Proceedings of EECE 2020 2018, 32 -48.

AMA Style

B. Belletti, M. Scolari, J. Almeida, K. Beyer. Validation of NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Walls Under Bidirectional Loading. Proceedings of EECE 2020. 2018; ():32-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Belletti; M. Scolari; J. Almeida; K. Beyer. 2018. "Validation of NLFEA of Reinforced Concrete Walls Under Bidirectional Loading." Proceedings of EECE 2020 , no. : 32-48.

Website
Published: 31 January 2018 in Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures
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ACS Style

A. De Boer; M.A.N. Hendriks; C. Van Der Veen; B. Belletti. Organizing an international blind prediction contest for improving a guideline for the nonlinear finite elements analysis of concrete structures. Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures 2018, 545 -552.

AMA Style

A. De Boer, M.A.N. Hendriks, C. Van Der Veen, B. Belletti. Organizing an international blind prediction contest for improving a guideline for the nonlinear finite elements analysis of concrete structures. Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures. 2018; ():545-552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. De Boer; M.A.N. Hendriks; C. Van Der Veen; B. Belletti. 2018. "Organizing an international blind prediction contest for improving a guideline for the nonlinear finite elements analysis of concrete structures." Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures , no. : 545-552.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
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Considering soil–structure interaction in structural modeling often plays an important role in the seismic design or retrofitting of buildings. In the present paper, soil–structure inertial interaction is analyzed with reference to a single-story precast frame concrete structure (typical of industrial buildings) founded on isolated footings. The analysis was carried out within the framework of a dynamic impedance method. Emphasis was placed on the application of such a method, originally conceived for the case of harmonic vibration in machine massive foundations, in seismic loading. The effects of considering the deformability of foundation soil in the seismic performances of the building are discussed. The adopted method sheds light on the potentialities of applying routine analyses to a great number of similar existing structures that need to be reinforced because they are located in regions of high seismic hazard.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Antonello Gasperi; Andrea Spagnoli; Roberto Valentino. Role of Soil–Structure Interaction on the Response of Precast RC Structures under Seismic Loading: Case Study. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 2017, 22, 04016014 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Antonello Gasperi, Andrea Spagnoli, Roberto Valentino. Role of Soil–Structure Interaction on the Response of Precast RC Structures under Seismic Loading: Case Study. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction. 2017; 22 (1):04016014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Antonello Gasperi; Andrea Spagnoli; Roberto Valentino. 2017. "Role of Soil–Structure Interaction on the Response of Precast RC Structures under Seismic Loading: Case Study." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 22, no. 1: 04016014.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Structural Concrete
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In this paper the behavior of RC slab strips subjected to transverse loads and axial tensile forces is investigated by means of analytical and numerical simulations. The results obtained are compared to the experimental results from tests performed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH). The pre-diction of the structural response was part of an international benchmark study [1]. The aim of the paper is to investigate the capability of the adopted models and their main influencing parameters, especially from the perspective of a reliable structural robustness assessment. It is known that in some cases axial tensile forces have a beneficial effect on the bearing capacity of slab strips, thanks to the development of catenary actions. Such kind of hidden strength resources are usually not taken into account in the current design process. For this reason the validation of suitable numerical tools, able to properly predict the structural response, are useful for a reliable structural robustness assessment. The paper underlines the importance of benchmark development, especially for specimens in which both mechanical and geometrical nonlinearities play an important role.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Cecilia Damoni; Vladimir Cervenka; Max A.N. Hendriks. Catenary action effects on the structural robustness assessment of RC slab strips subjected to shear and tensile forces. Structural Concrete 2016, 17, 1003 -1016.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Cecilia Damoni, Vladimir Cervenka, Max A.N. Hendriks. Catenary action effects on the structural robustness assessment of RC slab strips subjected to shear and tensile forces. Structural Concrete. 2016; 17 (6):1003-1016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Cecilia Damoni; Vladimir Cervenka; Max A.N. Hendriks. 2016. "Catenary action effects on the structural robustness assessment of RC slab strips subjected to shear and tensile forces." Structural Concrete 17, no. 6: 1003-1016.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Engineering Structures
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There are limited studies about the effect of biaxial shear in reinforced concrete (RC) elements. However, this load condition is quite common in columns subjected to horizontal forces. Moreover, the design and evaluation methods reported in codes do not consider any interaction between the shear strength in the two principal directions of inertia. This paper presents the results of an experimental program on six beams, with square section, subjected to inclined shear, which have been tested in order to understand the influence of the load inclination on the shear failure envelope. Based on the experiments, a new analytical formulation was proposed, with the aim to extend the prescriptions presented in fib-Model Code 2010 and ACI Code to the biaxial shear force. The proposed formulation was finally validated against results from experiments and non-linear finite element analyses (NLFEA).

ACS Style

Andrea Tinini; Fausto Minelli; Beatrice Belletti; Matteo Scolari. Biaxial shear in RC square beams: Experimental, numerical and analytical program. Engineering Structures 2016, 126, 469 -480.

AMA Style

Andrea Tinini, Fausto Minelli, Beatrice Belletti, Matteo Scolari. Biaxial shear in RC square beams: Experimental, numerical and analytical program. Engineering Structures. 2016; 126 ():469-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Tinini; Fausto Minelli; Beatrice Belletti; Matteo Scolari. 2016. "Biaxial shear in RC square beams: Experimental, numerical and analytical program." Engineering Structures 126, no. : 469-480.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2015 in Structural Concrete
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The ModelCode 2010 introduced the concept of levels‐of‐approximation (LoA) as a strategy for simplifying the procedures involved in preliminary design stages, or in the design of non‐critical structural elements, while still providing the tools for engineers to use state‐of‐the‐art techniques in the assessment of existing structures or in advanced stages of design of critical structural elements. In this paper, this concept is applied to the determination of the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete slabs. A procedure is validated for the highest LoA involving nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) with multi‐layered shell elements and the Critical Shear Crack Theory. The safety format proposed to be used in the safety verification assisted by NLFEA is based on the definition of a global resistance safety factor. A semi‐probabilistic approach is followed, based on the assumption of a log‐normal distribution for the resistance and on an estimate of its coefficient of variation. This approach is validated by means of comparison with the results from a probabilistic analysis.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Mário Pimentel; Matteo Scolari; Joost C. Walraven. Safety assessment of punching shear failure according to the level of approximation approach. Structural Concrete 2015, 16, 366 -380.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Mário Pimentel, Matteo Scolari, Joost C. Walraven. Safety assessment of punching shear failure according to the level of approximation approach. Structural Concrete. 2015; 16 (3):366-380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Mário Pimentel; Matteo Scolari; Joost C. Walraven. 2015. "Safety assessment of punching shear failure according to the level of approximation approach." Structural Concrete 16, no. 3: 366-380.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2015 in IABSE Conference, Geneva 2015: Structural Engineering: Providing Solutions to Global Challenges
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The shear resistance of RC slabs without shear reinforcement subjected to concentrated loads near linear support is usually calibrated on the base of tests on one – way slabs with rectangular cross section. However, the actual behavior of slabs subjected to concentrated loads is described properly by a two-way slab response. The aim of this paper consists in the evaluation of the shear resistance of bridge deck slabs using analytical formulations and Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses (NLFEA). The obtained numerical results are consequently compared with experimental observations from two test campaigns. The case studies were analysed by NLFE analyses carried out using the constitutive Crack Model PARC_CL (Physical Approach for Reinforced Concrete under Cycling Loading) implemented in the user subroutine UMAT.for in Abaqus Code. In order to predict properly global and local failure modes through a NLFE model, a multi – layered shell modelling has been used. As shell element modelling is not able to detect out – of – plane shear failures, the ultimate shear resistance of these slabs is evaluated by means of a post – processing method according to the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT).

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Raffaele Cantone; Aurelio Muttoni; Matteo Scolari. Shear strength evaluation of RC slabs according to CSCT with multi-layered shell elements and PARC-CL crack model. IABSE Conference, Geneva 2015: Structural Engineering: Providing Solutions to Global Challenges 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Raffaele Cantone, Aurelio Muttoni, Matteo Scolari. Shear strength evaluation of RC slabs according to CSCT with multi-layered shell elements and PARC-CL crack model. IABSE Conference, Geneva 2015: Structural Engineering: Providing Solutions to Global Challenges. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Raffaele Cantone; Aurelio Muttoni; Matteo Scolari. 2015. "Shear strength evaluation of RC slabs according to CSCT with multi-layered shell elements and PARC-CL crack model." IABSE Conference, Geneva 2015: Structural Engineering: Providing Solutions to Global Challenges , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2014 in Structural Concrete
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The aim of this research is to compare the predictions of the design load‐carrying capacity of slabs obtained with simplified analytical and numerical procedures which can be readily used by analysts in the current design process. The research fits into a research programme initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment for the re‐examination of the load‐carrying capacity of existing bridges and viaducts, and the beams and slabs they include, through the use of non‐linear finite‐element analyses. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads close to their supports is investigated in this contribution. Three tests from a series of 18 slabs with a total of 108 tests, tested at Delft University of Technology, were selected as case studies and analysed with non‐linear finite‐element analyses and analytical models either proposed by design codes or available in the literature. The research agrees well with the philosophy of the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010, which offers different analytical and numerical calculation methods for evaluating the design shear resistance of reinforced concrete members according to different levels of approximation. For the three slabs investigated in this study, it indeed pays to use higher levels of approximation. The highest level (level IV) based on non‐linear finite element analysis gives the highest design load resistance, but still well below the resistance obtained experimentally.

ACS Style

Beatrice Belletti; Cecilia Damoni; Max A. N. Hendriks; Ane De Boer. Analytical and numerical evaluation of the design shear resistance of reinforced concrete slabs. Structural Concrete 2014, 15, 317 -330.

AMA Style

Beatrice Belletti, Cecilia Damoni, Max A. N. Hendriks, Ane De Boer. Analytical and numerical evaluation of the design shear resistance of reinforced concrete slabs. Structural Concrete. 2014; 15 (3):317-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Belletti; Cecilia Damoni; Max A. N. Hendriks; Ane De Boer. 2014. "Analytical and numerical evaluation of the design shear resistance of reinforced concrete slabs." Structural Concrete 15, no. 3: 317-330.

Book chapter
Published: 04 March 2014 in Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures
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ACS Style

B Belletti; C Damoni; M Scolari; A Stocchi. Study of brittle failure modes of precast roof elements connected to the beams with steel dowels. Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures 2014, 871 -881.

AMA Style

B Belletti, C Damoni, M Scolari, A Stocchi. Study of brittle failure modes of precast roof elements connected to the beams with steel dowels. Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures. 2014; ():871-881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B Belletti; C Damoni; M Scolari; A Stocchi. 2014. "Study of brittle failure modes of precast roof elements connected to the beams with steel dowels." Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures , no. : 871-881.