Diesel engines have a wide range of functions in the industrial and military fields. An urgent problem to be solved is how to diagnose and identify their faults effectively and timely. In this paper, a diesel engine acoustic fault diagnosis method based on variational modal decomposition mapping Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and long-short-term memory network is proposed. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to remove noise from the original signal and differentiate the signal into multiple modes. The sound pressure signals of different modes are mapped to the Mel filter bank in the frequency domain, and then the Mel frequency cepstral coefficients of the respective mode signals are calculated in the mapping range of frequency domain, and the optimized Mel frequency cepstral coefficients are used as the input of long and short time memory network (LSTM) which is trained and verified, and the fault diagnosis model of the diesel engine is obtained. The experimental part compares the fault diagnosis effects of different feature extraction methods, different modal decomposition methods and different classifiers, finally verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper, and providing solutions to the problem of how to realise fault diagnosis using acoustic signals.

The complex operating environment of gearboxes and the easy interference of early fault feature information make fault identification difficult. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on a combination of whale optimization algorithm (WOA), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and deep transfer learning. First, the VMD is optimized by using the WOA, and the minimum sample entropy is used as the fitness function to solve for the K value and penalty parameter α corresponding to the optimal decomposition of the VMD, and the correlation coefficient is used to reconstruct the signal. Second, the reconstructed signal after reducing noise is used to generate a two-dimensional image using the continuous wavelet transform method as the transfer learning target domain data. Finally, the AlexNet model is used as the transfer object, which is pretrained and fine-tuned with model parameters to make it suitable for early crack fault diagnosis in gearboxes. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the noise of gearbox vibration signals under a complex working environment, and the fault diagnosis method of using transfer learning is effective and achieves high accuracy of fault diagnosis.

The gearbox is one of the key components of many large mechanical transmission devices. Due to the complex working environment, the vibration signal stability of the gear box is poor, the fault feature extraction is difficult, and the fault diagnosis accuracy makes it difficult to meet the expected requirements. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on an optimized stacked denoising auto encoder (SDAE) and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). Firstly, the particle swarm optimization algorithm in adaptive weight (SAPSO) was adopted to optimize the SDAE network structure, and the number of hidden layer nodes, learning rate, noise addition ratio and iteration times were adaptively obtained to make SDAE obtain the best network structure. Then, the best SDAE network structure was used to extract the deep feature information of weak faults in the original signal. Finally, the extracted fault features are fed into KELM for fault classification. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method can reach 97.2% under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, which shows the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method compared with other diagnostic methods.

The traditional prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) for bearings cannot be calculated in parallel and requires manual feature extraction and artificial label construction. Therefore, this article proposes a two-stage framework for predicting the RUL of bearings. In the first stage, an unsupervised approach using a temporal convolutional network (TCN) is employed to construct a health indicator (HI). This helps reduce human interference and the reliance on expert knowledge. In the second stage, a prediction framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN)–transformer is developed to address the limitations of traditional neural networks, specifically their inability to perform parallel calculations and their low prediction accuracy. The life prediction framework primarily maps the complete life data of bearings onto the HI vector. Based on the HI constructed through TCN, the known HI is input into the CNN–transformer network, which sequentially predicts the remaining unknown HI. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified using two bearing datasets, providing validation of its capabilities.

Anomalous sound detection (ASD) is an important technology in the fourth industrial revolution, which can monitor the abnormal state of machine by identifying whether the sound of the machine is normal or not. However, in practical applications where there are few anomalous sound samples from machines, achieving effective ASD is still a challenge. In this paper, an unsupervised ASD algorithm based on adversarial autoencoder with attention mechanism is proposed. Different from the traditional reconstruction-based ASD model, in order to make the features learned by the model more representative, complex sound timing signals are converted into Gammatone spectrogram with richer features through filtering. Then the spectrogram is used as the input of the convolutional autoencoder. At the same time, the attention mechanism is introduced in the encoder to enhance adaptive learning of the normal patterns. Then the discriminator is used in the generative adversarial network to perform adversarial learning with the improved convolutional autoencoder to improve the reconstruction ability of the model for normal samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms commonly used industry methods for anomaly detection and exhibits advantages over other deep learning approaches in terms of system complexity.

In a complex working environment, the fault signal of the gearbox is greatly affected by the outside world, and fault feature recognition is difficult, so the fault diagnosis accuracy is difficult to meet the expected requirements. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on an optimized stacked denoising auto encoder (SDAE) and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). Firstly, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm in Adaptive Weight (SAPSO) was adopted to optimize the SDAE network structure, and the number of hidden layer nodes, learning rate, noise addition ratio and iteration times were adaptively obtained to make SDAE obtain the best network structure. Then, the best SDAE network structure was used to extract the deep feature information of weak faults in the original signal. Finally, the extracted fault features are fed into KELM for fault classification. Experimental results show that, compared with existing commonly used methods of fault diagnosis, the fault diagnosis model proposed in this paper can reduce the influence of noise in the original signal can better learn the deep-level features in the original signal and has higher diagnosis accuracy, faster diagnosis speed and good generalization in fault diagnosis.