Background and Objectives: Changes in activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) of patients with bone metastasis who underwent surgical treatment through Bone Metastasis Cancer Boards (BMCBs), a recent multidisciplinary approach for managing bone metastases, have been reported; however, no reports exist on patients who undergo conservative treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate these patients’ ADL and QOL and examine the factors influencing changes in these parameters. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 200 patients with bone metastases who underwent conservative therapy through BMCBs between 2013 and 2021. A reassessment was conducted within 2–8 weeks after the initial assessment. Patients’ background and changes in performance status (PS), Barthel Index (BI), EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) scores, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores were initially assessed. Furthermore, we categorized patients into two groups based on improvements or deteriorations in ADL and QOL and performed comparative analyses. Results: Significant improvements in EQ-5D (0.57 ± 0.02 versus [vs.] 0.64 ± 0.02), NRS max (5.21 ± 0.24 vs. 3.56 ± 0.21), and NRS average (2.98 ± 0.18 vs. 1.85 ± 0.13) scores were observed between the initial assessment and reassessment (all p < 0.001). PS (1.84 ± 0.08 vs. 1.72 ± 0.08) and BI (83.15 ± 1.68 vs. 84.42 ± 1.73) also showed improvements (p = 0.06, and 0.054, respectively). In addition, spinal cord paralysis (odds ratio [OR]: 3.69, p = 0.049; OR: 8.42, p < 0.001), chemotherapy (OR: 0.43, p = 0.02; OR: 0.25, p = 0.007), and NRS average scores (OR: 0.38, p = 0.02; OR: 0.14, p < 0.001) were independent factors associated with ADL and QOL. Conclusions: Patients with bone metastases who underwent conservative treatment through BMCBs exhibited an increase in QOL without a decline in ADL. The presence of spinal cord paralysis, absence of chemotherapy, and poor pain control were associated with a higher risk of deterioration in ADL and QOL.

Aims: Phase angle (PhA)—a parameter of bioelectrical impedance analysis—is known to reflect cellular nutritional status and cell membrane integrity and is commonly used as an indicator of muscle quality. This study aimed to explore the association between PhA and exercise capacity and to determine the potential of the former as a novel predictor of the latter in patients undergoing late-recovery phase cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods and results: This retrospective study included 107 patients undergoing CR. Phase angle was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2) was determined via cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after CR. Furthermore, correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the associations between PhA, peak V̇O2, and other clinical parameters, such as age, sex, grip strength, skeletal muscle index (SMI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP). Phase angle markedly increased after CR in men and women (4.69–4.89 and 4.06–4.47, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Notably, PhA exhibited a strong correlation with pre- and post-peak V̇O2, with a notably stronger correlation observed after CR (r = 0.603, P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that PhA was an independent predictor of peak V̇O2 even after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, sex, grip strength, SMI, GNRI, and NT-pro-BNP. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence of the significant correlation between PhA and exercise capacity in patients undergoing the late-recovery phase of CR. Phase angle was found to be a reliable predictor of exercise capacity and holds promise as a novel biomarker for optimizing CR interventions and potentially improving patient outcomes.