El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido determinar la relación entre la actitud hacia las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) y el uso de los entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los docentes de la Universidad de Huánuco (Perú), en tiempos de la COVID-19. El estudio se sustentó en el paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, método analítico y diseño correlacional. La muestra estuvo integrada por 210 docenes a quienes se les aplicó la escala de actitud del docente hacia las TIC y el cuestionario de uso de entornos virtuales en enseñanza-aprendizaje. Como resultado, se halló una relación positiva (rs = .53) y significativa (p = .00) entre ambas variables. Se concluyó que el uso de los entornos virtuales está relacionado positiva y significativamente con las actitudes hacia las TIC en los docentes universitarios de la muestra; es decir, a mayor actitud positiva hacia las TIC mayor uso de los entornos virtuales.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated universities' adaptation process toward online education, and it is necessary to know the students' attitudes toward this online education. To describe the evolution of the attitude toward online education among social science students at a public university in Peru in the academic year 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a quantitative approach, a descriptive level, a non-experimental design, and a longitudinal trend. The sample consisted of 1063 students at the beginning of the class period, 908 during the classes, and 1026 at the end of the class period. The questionnaire for data collection was the Attitude scale toward online education for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using Google Forms. As a result, the attitude towards online education was predominantly weak negative at the beginning (51.1 %) and during the classes (49.1 %), and weak positive (48.1 %) at the end of the class period. The changes were not significant when comparing the three moments, the levels of attitude toward, intention to adopt, ease of use, technical and pedagogical support, stressors, and need for online education (p-value <0.05). The evolution of the attitude towards online education in the sample had a non-significant positive trend. In the initial and process stages, a weak negative attitude prevailed due to the institution's inexperience and poor digital infrastructure; in the end, the attitude became weak and positive due to the adaptation and need for online education.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered a rise in the global phenomenon of self-medication. The use of medicines with unsubstantiated claims of benefit for the prevention and/or treatment of infected people has been widely adopted. To determine the factors associated with the use of medicines and self-medication by Latin American populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted via an analysis of secondary data collected from 8777 responses from 12 Latin American countries obtained from a survey on the use of medicines and self-medication during the pandemic. Respondents who reported using Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or antibiotics (ABx) disclosed this as self-medication in 26.9%, 16.6%, and 9.7% of cases respectively. In our multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between: self-medication by individual choice and the use of Hydroxychloroquine, ABx, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (p = 0.026, = 0.003, and <0.001 respectively); self-medication on the recommendation of a family member, with ABx, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs (p <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively); and self-medication on the recommendation of another person, with Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Penicillin, other ABx, Warfarin, Ivermectin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs (p <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.004, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively). There was a significantly high prevalence of self-medication in our Latin American study population, including the use of medicines not recommended for COVID-19 treatment and/or prevention. The implementation of public health measures aimed at combating the worrying COVID-19 infodemic is essential to prevent this ongoing issue and its associated negative impacts on both current public health and future medication efficacy. This is especially important in the case of ABx due to the threat of a future antimicrobial resistance pandemic.

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, economies are shutting down and paralyzed, and societies are facing rigid health measures such as social isolation, with its own effects, e.g., the suspension of face-to-face classes (which is a necessary protective measure for all students and teachers). We are living in uncertain times and we do not have an answer for everything, but the acceleration of virtualization is evident. This phenomenon has made it possible to sustain personal communications, entertainment activities at home and, in education, infodemia is expanding, with a heterogeneity of information through virtual and technological resources available for the teaching-learning process; however, unequal access has revealed the deep inequality that exists among students (Gallo, 2020), with a high digital gap between the richest and poorest quintiles.

Objective. To identify relationship between knowledge and type of attitudes towards COVID-19 in the citizens of the urban area of Huánuco. Methods. Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. It was carried out in the city of Huánuco, 2020. Sample comprised 168 citizens. A previously validated knowledge questionnaire and an attitudes scale towards COVID-19 were applied. Pearson's χ² test and Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho) were applied. Results. When analyzing the type of knowledge regarding COVID-19, 62.5% (105) of the sample was located in the category “unknown”. Analyzing the type of attitudes perceived by citizens towards COVID-19, 36.9% (62) had positive attitudes, while 63.1% (106) presented negative attitudes. Contrasting the relationship of knowledge and the type of attitudes towards COVID-19, statistical significance was found between both variables (p <0.005). The level of education presented a significant relationship with knowledge about COVID-19 (r = 0.314; p <0.000). Conclusion. There is a direct relationship between the knowledge and the type of attitudes towards COVID-19 in the citizens of the urban area of Huánuco. In other words, there is ignorance about COVID-19. The vast majority show negative attitudes. Objetivo. Identificar la relación entre los conocimientos y el tipo de actitudes frente a la COVID-19 en los ciudadanos de la zona urbana de Huánuco. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo; realizado en la ciudad de Huánuco, 2020. La muestra fueron 168 ciudadanos. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de conocimientos y una escala de actitudes frente a la COVID-19 previamente validados. Se aplicó la prueba χ² de Pearson y el coeficiente de correlación (rho) de Spearman. Resultados. Al analizar el tipo de conocimiento frente a la COVID-19, el 62,5 % (105) de la muestra se ubicó en la categoría “desconoce”. Analizando el tipo de actitudes percibidos por los ciudadanos frente a la COVID-19, el 36,9 % (62) tuvieron actitudes positivas, mientras que el 63,1 % (106) presentó actitudes negativas. Contrastando la relación del conocimiento y el tipo de actitudes frente a la COVID-19, se encontró significancia estadística entre ambas variables (p <0,005). El grado de escolaridad presentó relación significativa con los conocimientos sobre la COVID-19 (r = 0,314; p < 0,000). Conclusión. Existe relación directa entre los conocimientos y el tipo de actitudes frente a la COVID-19 en los ciudadanos de la zona urbana de Huánuco; es decir, existe desconocimiento sobre la COVID-ia19 y, a su vez, la gran mayoría evidencia actitudes negativas.

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las conductas de autocuidado en la salud física y mental de los estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud durante inicios del primer trimestre del 2020. El estudio implicó el uso de la metodología cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo y diseño transversal. La población fue de 481 estudiantes universitarios, siendo la muestra 215, seleccionados probabilísticamente por estratos. Fue aplicada una escala de conductas de autocuidado. Se usaron las medidas de frecuencias y proporciones. Los resultados revelan que un 78,6 % (169) muestran conductas de autocuidado saludable en la dimensión salud mental, frente a un 56,3 % de conductas de autocuidado saludable en la dimensión salud física del autocuidado. De modo general, hubo predominio de las conductas de autocuidado saludable [60,9 % (131)]. Al comparar las características sociodemográficas de la muestra en estudio, según los tipos de autocuidado (saludable/no saludable), se encontró que tanto las mujeres como el grupo de los jóvenes, los estudiantes que se dedican solo al estudio, los estudiantes del programa de estudios de enfermería y las personas con condición de convivientes, muestran mayor autocuidado saludable. Se concluye evidenciando el predominio de las conductas de autocuidado saludable en sus dimensiones: autocuidado de la salud mental y física.