Wheat and rice play a vital role in human nutrition and food security. A better understanding of the potential health benefits associated with consuming these cereals, combined with studies by plant scientists and food chemists to view the entire food value chain from the field, pre and post-harvest processing, and subsequent “fork” consumption, may provide the necessary tools to optimize wheat and rice production towards the goal of better human health improvement and food security, providing tools to better adapt to the challenges associated with climate change. Since the available literature usually focuses on only one food chain segment, this narrative review was designed to address the identities and concentration of phenolics of these cereal crops from a farm-to-fork perspective. Wheat and rice genetics, phenolic databases, antioxidant properties, and potential health effects are summarized. These cereals contain much more than phenolic acids, having significant concentrations of flavonoids (including anthocyanins) and proanthocyanidins in a cultivar-dependent manner. Their potential health benefits in vitro have been extensively studied. According to a number of in vivo studies, consumption of whole wheat, wheat bran, whole rice, and rice bran may be strategies to improve health. Likewise, anthocyanin-rich cultivars have shown to be very promising as functional foods

Walnut milk residues (WMR) were investigated for the first time through their phenolic characterization including soluble (free, esterified, and etherified) phenolics and those released from their insoluble-bound form (insoluble-bound phenolic hydrolysates, IBPHs) and their antioxidant properties. Free phenolics were recovered and alkaline or acid hydrolysis were used to recover the remaining phenolic fractions. Total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and their antioxidant activity were analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu, FRAP, and ORAC methods, respectively. Soluble phenolics (free + esterified + etherified fractions) showed a higher TPC (275.3 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw) and antioxidant activity (FRAP: 138.13 µmol TE g⁻¹ dw; ORAC: 45.41 µmol TE g⁻¹ dw) with respect to the IBPH. There was a significant correlation between TPC and FRAP and ORAC values regardless of the fraction and tested sample. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Gallic acid, mainly in the free form (3061.0 µg 100 g⁻¹), was the most representative, followed by biochanin A, identified for the first time in a walnut product and mostly present in the fraction released from the esterified form (593.75 µg 100 g⁻¹). No detrimental cytotoxic impact on Caco-2 cells was observed. Hence, WMR could be considered a potential source for the development of nutraceutical and/or antioxidant food additives.

Objective: To investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary intervention on biomarkers of inflammation and their relationship with fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in women with overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Thirty-one women were enrolled in a 12-week interdisciplinary weight loss program delivered by a team comprising an endocrinologist, nutritionist and exercise physiologist. Body composition; anthropometric measures; metabolic and inflammatory markers including adiponectin, leptin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were assessed at baseline and post-therapy. The homeostasis model [...] ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary intervention on biomarkers of inflammation and their relationship with fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in women with overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Thirty-one women were enrolled in a 12-week interdisciplinary weight loss program delivered by a team comprising an endocrinologist, nutritionist and exercise physiologist. Body composition; anthropometric measures; metabolic and inflammatory markers including adiponectin, leptin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were assessed at baseline and post-therapy. The homeostasis model

El cuerpo humano funciona de manera rítmica, regulando procesos fisiológicos como el sueño, la actividad y el metabolismo a través de los ritmos circadianos, los cuales tienen una duración cercana a las 24 horas y permiten mantener la homeostasis del organismo. La alteración de los ritmos internos y su desajuste con respecto a las señales ambientales conducen a un estado de cronodisrupción, que se ha asociado con un aumento del riesgo cardiovascular, alteraciones cognitivas, trastornos neurodegenerativos y trastornos del sueño, entre otros. Por otra parte, la inclinación biológica del individuo hacia ciertos horarios de actividad y descanso se conoce como cronotipo. El cronotipo tardío, característico de los individuos que concentran sus actividades en un horario más cercano a la noche, se ha asociado con bajos niveles de actividad física, patrones de alimentación irregulares, una menor cantidad y calidad del sueño, un mayor apetito, entre otros. Sin embargo, la investigación en crononutrición ha proporcionado evidencia que permitiría proponer estrategias para promover la sincronización de nuestro reloj biológico y favorecer la salud metabólica en distintos contextos. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es describir la etiología de la cronodisrupción, su relación con el daño metabólico y presentar la evidencia acumulada sobre intervenciones nutricionales y del estilo de vida que promueven la salud metabólica a través de la organización temporal de los ritmos circadianos.