Infections contracted during healthcare delivery in a hospital or ambulatory setting are collectively referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Healthcare workers and patients alike are vulnerable to serious problems as a result of the risk of HAIs. In the healthcare system, HAIs are considered among the most common and serious health problems. However, the occurrence of HAIs differs between different types of clinical departments within the hospital. Recently, the risk of HAIs has been increasing in radiology departments globally due to the central role of radiology in guiding clinical decisions for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of different diseases from almost all medical specialties. The radiology department is particularly vulnerable to HAIs because it serves as a transit hub for infected patients, non-infected patients, and healthcare workers. Furthermore, as the number of patients referred to radiology and the length of patient contact time has increased, thanks to modern imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the risk of HAIs has also increased significantly. With the increasing use of interventional radiological procedures, patients and healthcare workers face a potentially greater risk of contracting HAIs due to the invasive nature of such procedures. Although not exhaustive, we attempted through a literature search to provide a general overview of infection prevention and control practices, address HAIs in the radiology departments, and highlight the challenges and measures taken to control infection transmission in the radiology departments.

Digital mammography (DM) is the cornerstone of breast cancer detection. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an advanced imaging technique used for diagnosing and screening breast lesions, particularly in dense breasts. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining DBT with DM on the BI-RADS categorization of equivocal breast lesions. We prospectively evaluated 148 females with equivocal BI-RADS breast lesions (BI-RADS 0, 3, and 4) with DM. All patients underwent DBT. Two experienced radiologists analyzed the lesions. They then assigned a BI-RADS category for each lesion according to the BI-RADS 2013 lexicon, using DM, DBT, and integrated DM and DBT. We compared the results based on major radiological characteristics, BI-RADS classification, and diagnostic accuracy, using the histopathological examination of the lesions as a reference standard. The total number of lesions was 178 on DBT and 159 on DM. Nineteen lesions were discovered using DBT and were missed by DM. The final diagnoses of 178 lesions were malignant (41.6%) and benign (58.4%). Compared to DM, DBT produced 34.8% downgrading and 32% upgrading of breast lesions. Compared with DM, DBT decreased the number of BI-RADS 4 and 3. All the upgraded BI-RADS 4 lesions were confirmed to be malignant. The combination of DM and DBT improves the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS for evaluating and characterizing mammographic equivocal breast lesions and allows for proper BI-RADS categorization.

There has been a notable increase in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an invasive fungal infection with a fatal outcome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for early diagnosis of ROCM and assists in the proper management of these cases. This study aimed to describe the characteristic MRI findings of ROCM in post-COVID-19 patients to help in the early diagnosis and management of these patients. This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a single hospital and included 52 patients with COVID-19 and a histopathologically proven ROCM infection who were referred for an MRI of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) due to sino-orbital manifestations. Two radiologists reviewed all the MR images in consensus. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The maxillary sinus was the most commonly affected PNS (96.2%). In most patients (57.7%), multiple sinuses were involved with the black turbinate sign on postcontrast images. Extrasinus was evident in 43 patients with orbital involvement. The pterygopalatine fossa was involved in four patients. Three patients had cavernous sinus extension, two had pachymeningeal enhancement, and one had epidural collection. The alveolar margin was affected in two patients, and five patients had an extension to the cheek. The awareness of radiologists by the characteristic MRI features of ROCM in post-COVID-19 patients helps in early detection, early proper management, and prevention of morbid complications.

Despite significant advances in hepatobiliary surgery, biliary injury and leakage remain typical postoperative complications. Thus, a precise depiction of the intrahepatic biliary anatomy and anatomical variant is crucial in preoperative evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of 2D and 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in exact mapping of intrahepatic biliary anatomy and its variants anatomically in subjects with normal liver using intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) as a reference standard. Thirty-five subjects with normal liver activity were imaged via IOC and 3D MRCP. The findings were compared and statistically analyzed. Type I was observed in 23 subjects using IOC and 22 using MRCP. Type II was evident in 4 subjects via IOC and 6 via MRCP. Type III was observed equally by both modalities (4 subjects). Both modalities observed type IV in 3 subjects. The unclassified type was observed in a single subject via IOC and was missed in 3D MRCP. Accurate detection by MRCP of intrahepatic biliary anatomy and its anatomical variants was made in 33 subjects out of 35, with an accuracy of 94.3% and a sensitivity of 100%. In the remaining two subjects, MRCP results provided a false-positive pattern of trifurcation. MRCP competently maps the standard biliary anatomy.

Background: Transient osteoporosis of the hip, or acute bone marrow edema syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density of the proximal femur, which resolves with conservative management over 6-24 months. At presentation, the patient complains of sudden onset of localized pain in the hip, which is aggravated by weight-bearing. However, the prevalence and risk factors for this condition are still unclear. Objective: This study aims to identify the prevalence of transient osteoporosis of the hip among patients who present with hip pain and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the hip. Method: This is a retrospective investigation that involved collecting data from patients' records in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Included candidates were patients who presented with hip pain, had an MRI done between 2016 and 2019 inclusive, and were older than 14 years. The collected data involved the age and gender of patients, the hip's affected side, and the diagnosis. Data analysis was executed through SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: Three hundred and fourteen patients matched our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of transient osteoporosis of the hip was 2.5%. All of them were males and half were above 40 years, 50% had pain in the left side, and 75% had a small joint effusion. The femoral head was the most affected part of the joint in patients with transient osteoporosis of the hip. Among our patients, the most common cause of hip pain was gluteus medius tendonitis (12.9%), where 33.1% of patients with hip pain had normal examination and investigations, and 15.2% had more than one condition. Risk factors for transient osteoporosis of the hip are pain in the left hip joint (p-value=0.023) and an age between 41 and 50 years (p-value=0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of transient osteoporosis of the hip is low, yet it requires confirmation by studies with a more robust design. Males older than 40 years and left-side hip pain are at higher risk.

During the early stages of the pandemic, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, along with serological and clinical data, was frequently utilized in diagnosing COVID-19, particularly in regions facing challenges such as shortages of PCR kits. In these circumstances, CT scans played a crucial role in diagnosing COVID-19 and guiding patient management. The COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) was established as a standardized reporting system for cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. Its implementation necessitates a high level of agreement among observers to prevent any potential confusion. This study aimed to assess the inter-observer agreement between physicians from different specialties with variable levels of experience in their CO-RADS scoring of CT chests for confirmed COVID-19 patients, and to assess the feasibility of applying this reporting system to those having little experience with it. All chest CT images of patients with positive RT-PCR tests for COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed by seven observers. The observers were divided into three groups according to their type of specialty (three radiologists, three house officers, and one pulmonologist). The observers assessed each image and categorized the patients into five CO-RADS groups. A total of 630 participants were included in this study. The inter-observer agreement was almost perfect among the radiologists, substantial among a pulmonologist and the house officers, and moderate-to-substantial among the radiologists, the pulmonologist, and the house officers. There was substantial to almost perfect inter-observer agreement when reporting using the CO-RADS among observers with different experience levels. Although the inter-observer variability among the radiologists was high, it decreased compared to the pulmonologist and house officers. Radiologists, house officers, and pulmonologists applying the CO-RADS can accurately and promptly identify typical CT imaging features of lung involvement in COVID-19.