Materials with well-defined surface structures are prepared using protective coatings through surface texturing, which is a novel method for modifying surface characteristics, particularly tribological and wettability, to improve the properties of material parts. The formation of a specific patterned surface can be achieved through abrasive blasting, reactive-ion etching, lithography and mechanical machining. This review focuses on laser technology because it generates the most controllable and precise geometries. This technique is environmentally friendly because it does not utilise any chemical reagent, nor does it produce significant waste.

Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to make people aware of the increase usage of laser system in surface texturing process. Design/methodology/approach: – As it is a brief review paper, no particular method was used. Findings: – It has been found that most of the surface texturing methods used mas laser beam machining using Nd:YAG laser. It shows that the realization of the textured surface helps to reduce friction and wear which can increase the life span of a material. Research limitations/implications: – Most of the texturing is done on the substrates directly, and few research were conducted on coated surface of the material, which coating is also known as an excellent method to improve tribological properties. Originality/value: – The paper shows details on the recent development of surface texturing and its contribution to friction and wear reduction.

The electron transfer layer (ETL) plays a vital role in achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is primarily utilised as the ETL since it is low-cost, chemically stable, and has the simplest thin-film preparation methods. However, TiO₂ is not an ideal ETL because it leads to low conductivity, conduction band mismatch, and unfavourable electron mobility. In addition, the exposure of TiO₂ to ultraviolet light induces the formation of oxygen vacancies at the surface. To overcome these issues, doping TiO₂ with various metal ions is favourable to improve the surface structure properties and electronic properties. This review focuses on the bulk modification of TiO₂ via doping with various metal ions concentrations to improve electrical and optical properties, charge carrier density, and interfacial electron–hole recombination, thus contributing to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs.

MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.