Many factors have been found to correlate with satisfactory Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practices. The relationships between EBF practices and associated factors are complex and multidimensional; Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) is the most important psychological factor that may help the mother to overcome any expected barriers. This study investigates the determinants of high breastfeeding self-efficacy among Saudi nursing mothers. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study investigating the determinant of BSE among 1577 nursing mothers in primary health centers in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. The study uses a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection was performed from June 2022 to January 2023 using a self-reported questionnaire that encompasses the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form (BSES-SF), Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (GFBKS), Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and a basic data questionnaire to assess women’s demographic factors and obstetric history. Results: The mean score for all BSES-SF items was between 3.23–3.41, the highest mean score was in mothers who felt comfortable breastfeeding with family members present (3.41 ± 1.06), and the lowest mean was in mothers who could breastfeed their baby without using formula as a supplement (3.23 ± 0.94). The overall BSE score was high among 67% of the study participants. Binary logistic regression showed that being a housewife, being highly educated, having breastfeeding experience, and being multiparous are positive predictors for high BSE (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, having adequate breastfeeding knowledge and positive breastfeeding attitudes were positively associated with higher BSE (p = 0.000). Conclusion: BSE can be predicted by modifiable predictors such as mothers’ education, working status, parity, breastfeeding experience, adequate breastfeeding knowledge, and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. If such predictors are considered during breastfeeding-related educational interventions, it could lead to more effective and sustainable effects in community awareness regarding breastfeeding.

All mortality risk factors are higher in non-breastfed infants compared to infants under five months of age who receive Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF). Examining the predicting role of maternal ideation in EBF practices can help to direct and strengthen the cooperation between multidisciplinary healthcare providers to formulate multidisciplinary breastfeeding enhancement strategies. Methods: This correlational cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between maternal ideation and EBF practice among Saudi nursing mothers at Maternal and Children’s Hospital (MCH) in Najran, Saudi Arabia. The study incorporated 403 Saudi nursing mothers aged 6–12 months with healthy infants. The data collected using a questionnaire comprises demographic characteristics and obstetric history, the EBF Practice scale, and a maternal ideation scale. The data was collected from the beginning of November 2022 to the end of January 2023 and analyzed using I.B.M. version 22. Results: Breastfeeding initiation within one hour occurred among 85.1% of women, while 39.2% fed their newborn only colostrum during the first three days. EBF until six months was practiced by 40.9% of the participants day and night and on-demand (38.7%). Furthermore, 60.8% of the study participants had satisfactory overall EBF practices. The cognitive part of maternal ideation shows that 68.2% of the participants had adequate knowledge and 63.5% had positive beliefs regarding EBF practice. The maternal psychological ideation dimensions show that 81.4% had high EBF self-efficacy. The maternal social ideation dimensions showed that high injunctive and descriptive norms were present among 40.9% and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, healthcare providers (39.2%) had the most significant social influence, followed by husbands (30.5%). Binary logistic regression shows that the mother’s age, occupation, and education are the significant demographic predictors of satisfactory EBF practices (p < 0.05). All maternal ideation constructs were positive predictors of satisfactory EBF practices (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal ideation constructs are positive predictors of satisfactory EBF practice and can be used to predict high-risk groups and plan for further intervention.

The exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) intention conceived by pregnant women is the most important predictor of breastfeeding (BF) initiation, duration, and continuation. This study explores the associated factors of EBF intention among pregnant women. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 with 382 pregnant women who came to the outpatient clinic in the Maternal and Children Hospital (MCH). Four instruments were used for data collection: the Infant Feeding Intention scale, the Gender-Friendly BF Knowledge scale (GFBKS), the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude scale (IIFAS), and the basic data questionnaire. The study findings indicated that 51.8% and 75.9% of gravida women had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude regarding BF. Furthermore, 56.3% of the participants had a high intention for EBF. Binary logistic regression illustrated that occupational status, antenatal care, plan for the current pregnancy, BF practice, last child delivery mode, medical disorder during the current pregnancy, age, BF knowledge, and attitude are potential predictors. The goodness of fit test revealed that 46.8% of the EBF intention could be anticipated through the positive pre-mentioned factors. The low EBF intention is modifiable by addressing the previously positive predictors. BF educational interventions should be tailored based on EBF intention predictors in order to be effective and lead to behavior change.

Background: Lung cancer is a fatal disease that kills approximately 85% of those diagnosed with it. In recent years, advances in medical imaging have greatly improved the acquisition, storage, and visualization of various pathologies, making it a necessary component in medicine today. Objective: Develop a computer-aided diagnostic system to detect lung cancer early by segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue on Tissue Micro Array Analysis (TMA) histopathological images. Method: The prototype computer-aided diagnostic system was developed to segment tumor areas, non-tumor areas, and fundus on TMA histopathological images. Results: The system achieved an average accuracy of 83.4% and an F-measurement of 84.4% in segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue. Conclusion: The computer-aided diagnostic system provides a second diagnostic opinion to specialists, allowing for more precise diagnoses and more appropriate treatments for lung cancer.

Aim. Innovate a standard for the future model of nursing care at medical‐surgical units in Najran University through a training program for the standard of the future model evaluation on studied nurses’ knowledge, attitude about innovation standards, and innovative behavior among nurses. Methods. A quasi‐experimental research was used to achieve the study’s goal; the research was carried out at Najran University Hospital at Najran, in the medical and surgical units, as well as outpatient clinics. The sample is a convenience type; 100 nurses were used. Tool. A structured questionnaire sheet was used for data collection that includes nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and individual innovative scale. Results. This reveals the studied nurses related to their individual innovative scale pre‐ and postintervention. Concerning resistance to change, the mean of them preintervention is x ̅ SD 9.08 ± 2.60. Concerning opinion leadership, the mean of them postintervention is x ̅ SD 14.32 ± 3.16. There is a highly significant difference (p < 0.01^∗∗) preintervention as regards all domains listed. Conclusion. The educational program significantly enhances nurses’ knowledge and attitude, according to our present study. Nurses’ innovative skills are also improved by enhancing their knowledge and attitude. Before and after the educational program was implemented, there was a highly positive linear association between the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and innovative skills at p < 0.01.