Ovarian damage and fertility impairment are major side effects of chemotherapy in pre-menopausal cancer patients. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. The present study was designed to assess the ameliorative effects of melatonin as an adjuvant for fertility preservation. Thirty-two adult female Wistar rats were divided randomly into four equal groups: Control, Melatonin, Cisplatin (CP) treated, and CP + Melatonin treated. The cisplatin-treated group showed decreased body and ovarian weights, decreased serum E2 and AMH, increased serum LH and FSH, reduced ovarian levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC, and increased ovarian MDA. The histopathological examination of the cisplatin-treated group showed deleterious changes within ovarian tissue in the form of damaged follicles and corpus luteum, hemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltrates with faint PAS reaction in zona pellucida, increased ovarian collagen deposition, and marked expression of caspase-3 immune reaction in granulosa and theca cells, stroma, and oocytes. Alongside, there was a significant downregulation in the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, IL10, AMPK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and PTEN, while TGF-β1, IL1β, IL6, TNF-α, NF-Kβ, P53, p38-MAPK, JNK, and FOXO3 mRNA expressions were upregulated in cisplatin-treated rats’ ovarian tissue. Coadministration of cisplatin-treated rats with melatonin reversed these changes significantly. In conclusion, melatonin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities could modulate ovarian disturbances induced by cisplatin and preserve fertility.

Background: Toluene is a chemical hydrocarbon that affects mainly the central nervous system. Resveratrol has a large spectrum of beneficial health effect. Aim: The study aimed to assess the protective effect of Resveratrol (RES) on cerebrum injury in rat caused by toluene (TN). Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats were used in this study, each weighting 200-250 g, aging 4-6 months. They were separated into five equal groups, Control group: The animals had only regular diet and tap water, Corn oil group: was given 0.1 ml/10 g/day corn oil, intraperitoneally, TN-treated group: The animals received Toluene intraperitoneally with a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day (n ¼ 7) (0.1 g/ml, in corn oil) (0.5ml/kg/day) for 14 days, RES group: The animals received resveratrol 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 14 days, and TN+RES treated group: The animals received toluene alongside supplemented with resveratrol (as previous doses) for 14 days. All rats were anesthetized, scarified and the brain was dissected out. Parts of brain tissues were processed for tissue homogenates for measuring MDA, SOD, Gpx. And other parts of the brain tissues were subjected to histopathological examination (light and electron microscopic examination). Immunohistochemical staining for BCL2, BAX, GFAP and synaptophysin were performed with morphometric and statistical analysis. Results: Toluene revealed increment in MDA together with a decrement of SOD and Gpx activity. Moreover, Toluene exhibited obvious histopathological deterioration with over expression of Bax protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and down expression of Bcl2and synaptophysin. RES restored the biochemical profile of oxidative damage and improved the histopathological and immunohistochemical picture. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results speckled a bright on the probable effective role of RES on cerebrum injury induced by toluene and provide available suggestion on the potential clinical effectiveness of RES supplementation in case of cerebrum injury.

BBackground: Huge amounts of bisphenol A (BPA) are manufactured all over the world. The prostate is the major accessory sex gland of mammalian males. BPA can be toxic to prostatic tissues.Objectives: investigate the impact of BPA on the prostate gland of adult male albino rats and the possibility of recovery.Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats (180-220 g) were assigned into three groups. Control group: received 1mL of corn oil via gavage once daily for 8 weeks; BPA group: given 50 mg/kg of BPA in 1mL corn oil orally/ day for 8 weeks; Recovery group: given BPA the same manner as in BPA group and held without treatment for another 4 weeks. At the end of the study, blood was collected to measure serum testosterone. The prostate gland was removed and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: In the BPA group, the testosterone level dropped significantly; irregularity of prostatic acini; thickening, and hyperplasia of the prostatic epithelium; abundant stroma with congested blood vessels were seen in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections; morphometry revealed that the epithelial height, number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells, and the area percentage of collagen were significantly higher while the acinar surface area, acinar perimeter, and the optical density (OD) of androgen receptors (AR) in epithelial cells were significantly lower. These changes partially resolved after stopping BPA treatment.Conclusion: The Prostate gland of adult rats can partially recover from the harmful impacts of bisphenol A

Background: Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a pesticide. It induces toxicity of different organs. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) can protect against oxidant-induced toxicity and promote programmed apoptosis counteracting cellular infiltration.Aim: The present study aimed at examining the CYP-induced histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes in rat lungs and clarifying the protective role of HT. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats, their wights were (150–200 g), were used. The rats were equally distributed into four groups as follows; control group gavaged by oral route with corn oil (1 ml/kg/day), HT group gavaged by oral route with HT (50 mg/kg/day dissolved in I ml distilled water), CYP-treated group gavaged by oral route with CYP (20 mg/kg/day dissolved in I ml corn oil), and CYP+HT treated group treated orally with CYP and HT (as previous doses) for 14 days. All groups underwent histological lung examination, immunohistochemical, morphometric and biochemical analysis.Results: This study showed that CYP caused a significant rise in MDA with a significant decline of SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. Histological changes revealed extensive cellular infiltration, thickening alveolar septum, increased angiogenesis with areas of hemorrhage, extravasation of blood, and decreased areas of ventilation in lungs of rats treated with CYP. Moreover, ultrastructural observations confirmed previous results. A noticeable improvement of the affected lung tissues was observed with HT treatment in the form of regaining of normal epithelial bronchial lining, re-inflation of alveoli and nearly intact intima of the blood vessels as well as restoration of type II pneumocyte structure.Conclusion: HT was proved to ameliorate the CYP-induced histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes in rat lung, without abolishing it. This could be explained by HT's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and scavenging abilities against active free radicals. These findings can be of value for future clinical applications.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disorder that could progress to heart failure. There is conflicting data about the role of folic acid supplementation in treatment DCM. Aim: This study was performed to compare between the protective and therapeutic effects of folic acid on ECG and structural changes of DCM rat model. Materials & Methods: Sixty rats were divided as follows: Normal control groups (Ia and Ib), DCM groups (IIa and IIb): Fed high fat diet for 4 weeks then injected with streptozotocin (25 mg/kg/ i.p), and folic acid treated groups (IIIa and IIIb): rats received 5 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks from first day of confirmation of diabetes in rats in group (IIIa), and from the end of 7th week after confirmation of diabetes in rats in group (IIIb). ECG, blood pressure, lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase-MB, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory markers were assessed. Histopathological analysis of left ventricular tissue using Hematoxylin & eosin, Masson’s Trichrome stains, and immunohistochemical analysis of Caspase3 and iNOS expression were performed. Results: A significant improvement in R wave amplitude, ST segment deviation and a reduction in sRAGE in folic acid protective not therapeutic group were found when compared to untreated DCM group. Moreover, cardiac enzymes, histopathological changes, collagen fiber deposition, oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis significantly improved in both folic acid treatment groups when compared to untreated DCM groups. Conclusion: The protective role of folic acid on cardiac injury in DCM rat model was more effective than the therapeutic ones that could be attributed to better glycemic, OS control and amelioration of AGE/RAGE signaling and improvement in cardiac structural changes.