Motivation: Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database.Main Types of Variables Included: The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years.Spatial Location and Grain: Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size.Time Period and Grain: The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric.Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa.Software Format: csv and. SQL.

Diplommatinidae Gray, 1847, a family of minute cyclophoroid gastropods, is recorded from Ecuador for the first time. Adelopoma gracile Greķe, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from River Pastaza valley, central Ecuador. Differential diagnosis is provided for similar congeners. An annotated checklist of and a preliminary key to the Adelopoma Doering, 1885 species are provided.

We analyzed the cranium dorsal projection and the mandible lateral projection in bone specimens from five Microtus guentheri and Microtus hartingi forms by geometric morphometrics (GM) methods (generalized Procrustes analysis, principal component analysis, canonical variance analysis, and discriminant function analysis). Analyses of the linear size and shapes of the cranium and lower jaw showed clear-cut differentiation among the forms into an eastern cluster and western cluster, matching M. guentheri and M. hartingi, respectively. Differences were revealed both between two subspecies of M. guentheri and between the subspecies M. h. strandzensis and Rhodopean M. hartingi, whose subspecies status has not yet been determined. M. h. ankaraensis bone specimens differ in many parameters of GM from the studied European specimens and to a lesser extent from M. g. guentheri and M. g. philistinus. Calculated morpho-ecological indices of the lower jaw revealed significant differences among all these forms, thereby possibly indicating adaptation of each to a specific habitat and dietary habits. Because of the emergence of impenetrable barriers for voles (the Anatolian Diagonal in the east and the Dardanelles and Bosporus in the west), the resultant vole groups have evolved independently.