Introduction: Skiing and snowboarding are widely recognized winter sports with a notable risk of sports-related injuries. Comprehensive knowledge of the injuries sustained during skiing and snowboarding is imperative for preventative strategies and for understanding the injury patterns and epidemiological characteristics from surgeons' standpoint, particularly orthopedic surgeons, given that all anatomical regions and systems are susceptible to harm when engaging in these activities. Objective: Our research aims to investigate the injury patterns and epidemiological characteristics of individuals seeking medical attention at Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Erzincan, Turkey, after experiencing recreational skiing or snowboarding injuries. Methods: During the period spanning from 2018 to 2023, a retrospective analysis was conducted on patients aged between 18 to 65 years who had sustained isolated extremity injuries while participating in recreational winter sports at the Ergan Mountain Ski Center. The causes of injuries were categorized into two types (skiing and snowboarding) based on the subjective description of the injury scene. The study employed the χ2 test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables to conduct subgroup comparisons. Results: The study results revealed that most patients, precisely 53.2%, sustained injuries in their lower extremities, whereas 46.8% sustained injuries in their upper extremities. The most frequently injured area of the patients presenting with skiing injury was the region around the knee (31.2%), followed by around the shoulder (21.6%) and the foot and ankle (14.9%). The anatomical region most injured among patients who sustained snowboarding injuries was the hand and wrist, accounting for 23.9% of cases. Conclusion: Skiing and snowboarding injuries vary anatomically. While individuals with limited experience are at a higher risk of sustaining injuries, no statistically significant disparity was observed regarding the specific body parts affected among individuals of varying skill levels. Recognizing these sports-related injuries, which are growing in young people, will encourage the use of personal protective equipment to avoid injuries, assure ski resorts' environmental safety, and reduce sports-related morbidity.

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Our aim is to identify the demographics of CP in Turkish children in addition to clinical associations and surgical preferences. Methods: Based on national health system data and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code for CP, data were evaluated from a total of 53,027 children with CP born between 2016 and 2022, and 9658 of them underwent orthopedic surgery in those years. The incidence and frequency of CP were assessed for the parameters of age and gender. Age at the time of surgery; codes pertaining to surgical interventions; and regions, cities, and hospitals where diagnoses and surgical procedures were performed were also evaluated. Results: There were 29,606 male (55.8%) and 23,421 (44.2%) female patients. The diagnoses of the patients were mostly (76.1%) performed in secondary and tertiary hospitals. The prevalence of CP among children in 2016–2022 was estimated to be 7.74/1000 children. The minimum and maximum incidence rates of cerebral palsy among children between 2016 and 2022 were calculated to be 0.45 and 1.05 per 1000, respectively. Tenoplasty–myoplasty tendon transfer operations were the most common surgeries (47.1%). Conclusion: CP remains a significant health challenge, underpinning a considerable proportion of childhood motor dysfunction. A dedicated national registry system for CP focused on classifying the condition, streamlining treatment, and tracking outcomes would be a valuable tool in our collective efforts to address this critical issue more effectively.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment is the commonly preferred method for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures (AATRs) due to advantages such as less re-rupture rates, better functional results, and an early return to physical activities. The main aim of our study is to compare two common minimally invasive surgical methods, the limited open and the percutaneous approaches, regarding clinical outcomes. METHODS: A total of 53 patients (19 females and 34 males) who were treated with limited open (Group 1: 30 patients) and per -cutaneous (Group 2: 23 patients) approaches for AATRs were retrospectively evaluated between March 2019 and May 2020 in a level 1 trauma center. The evaluation included complications (soft tissue and skin problems, re-rupture, and sural nerve injury rates), the operation time, the duration of return to daily activities, The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), and the American Ortho-pedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores of the patients at the first and 6th months of follow-up. Patients' activity levels were compared with the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS). RESULTS: The mean age of all patients in this cohort was 45.1 +/- 14.1. The mean postoperative follow-up period for group 1 was 36.9 +/- 8.81 weeks, whereas, for group 2, it was 35.4 +/- 8.73 weeks (P=0.24). The mean age (P=0.47), gender distribution (P=0.41), and body mass index (P=0.29) were similar for both groups. The mean operation time (group 1: 47.1 +/- 5.4 vs. group 2: 44.4 +/- 6.1, P=0.06) and the duration of return to daily activities (group 1: 49.2 +/- 7.4 vs. group 2: 48.5 +/- 9.7, P=0.38) were also similar. There was no statistical difference between groups regarding functional results at first (ATRS: group 1: 79.9 +/- 3.2 vs. group 2: 79.5 +/- 3.9, [P=0.35], and AOFAS: group 1: 80.9 +/- 3.1 vs. group 2: 82.1 +/- 3.2, [P=0.10]) and 6th months (ATRS: group 1: 85.0 +/- 3.8 vs. group 2: 83.7 +/- 4.4, [P=0.13], and AO -FAS: group 1: 86.6 +/- 3.6 vs. group 2: 86.7 +/- 4.2, [P=0.46]). There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding preoperative and last follow-up TAS scores (P=0.94 and P=0.46, respectively). We observed no postoperative complications in group 1. There were three complications (13.1%) in group 2. One patient (4.4%) had a re-rupture, and two patients (8.7%) had sural nerve injuries. CONCLUSION: Although both groups had similar functional results, the limited open approach yielded better clinical outcomes according to the complication results than the percutaneous approach.

Amaç: PFN-A kullanılarak tedavi edilen hastaların fonksiyonel ve radyolojik sonuçlarını ve radyasyon maruziyetini Talon kilitli PFN ile karşılaştırdık.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2014-2018 tarihleri arasında proksimal femur kırığı tanısı ile PFN yapılan 60 yaşından büyük 92 hasta (43 kadın,49 erkek; ort. yaş 75.01 yıl) dahil edildi. Retrospektif çalışmamızda hastalar Talon kilitli PFN grubu (grup 1, n=46) ve PFN-A grubu (grup 2, n=46) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların demografik verileri, kırık tipleri, takip süreleri, kırık kaynama zamanları, radyografik bulguları, WOMAC skorları ile C-kollu skopi çekim sayıları değerlendirmeye alındı.Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 11.05 aydı. Mortalite Grup I de %4.3, Grup II de %6.5 olarak bulundu. Kollodiafizer açı Grup I de 129.5±3.4, Grup II de 126.8±3.6 (p=0.01); Singh indeksi Grup I de 4.1, Grup II de 3.62 (p=0.06); kayna-ma Grup I de 4.62±1.06, Grup II de 5.1±1.51(p=0.68) olarak gözlendi. Skopi çekim süresi Grup I de 53.08 (45-89), Grup II de 97.4 (76-150) (p<0.05) olarak gözlendi. Kırık kaynama süreleri Grup I de 4.62±1.06, Grup II de 5.1±1.51 (p=0.68), WOM-AC skorları Grup I de 69.9±4.26, Grup II de 70.2±5.75 (p=0.78) olarak tespit edildi. Grup I de 2 hastada (%4.3) komplikasyon gözlenirken, Grup II de 5 hastada (%10.8) komplikasyon gözlendi.Sonuç: Talon kilitli PFN, radyasyon maruziyetinin az olması, cerrahi sürenin daha kısa olması sebebiyle PFN sistemlerinin kolay ve güvenilir bir alternatifidir.

Background: Genu valgum is considered to be a risk factor for patellar instability. Correction of valgus alone or combined with a tibial tuberosity medialization has been described. However, changes occurring in the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance after a lateral distal femoral opening wedge osteotomy (LDF-OWO) are not known. Purpose: This study aimed to define changes in TT-TG distance with increasing amounts of valgus correction after LDF-OWO. Methods: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D-CT) scans of six patients (two females and four males) aged between 19 and 35 years with genu valgum and patellar instability were analyzed. 3D models of femoral, tibial, and patellar bones were created with the advanced segment option of Mimics 21^® software. An oblique lateral opening wedge osteotomy of the distal femur was simulated in 2-degree increments up to 12 degrees of varus opening. Change in TT-TG distance was measured in mm on 3D models of the knee. Results: Compared to baseline without osteotomy, the TT-TG distance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) for all corrections from 2 to 12 degrees in 2° steps. The TT-TG distance decreased by an average of 1.7 mm for every 2 degrees of varus opening. Conclusion: Lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy causes a decrease in TT-TG distance. The surgeon should be aware of the magnitude of this change (1.7 mm decrease for every 2° increment of valgus opening).