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Azzurra Zucchini
Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Crystals
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High-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction was carried out on a single crystal of mascagnite, compressed in a diamond anvil cell. The sample maintained its crystal structure up to ~18 GPa. The volume–pressure data were fitted by a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (BM3-EOS) yielding K0 = 20.4(7) GPa, K’0 = 6.1(2), and V0 = 499(1) Å3, as suggested by the F-f plot. The axial compressibilities, calculated with BM3-EOS, were K0a = 35(3), K’0a = 7.7(7), K0b = 10(3), K’0b = 7(1), K0c = 25(1), and K’0c = 4.3(2) The axial moduli measured using a BM2-EOS and fixing K’0 equal to 4, were K0a = 52(2), K0b = 20 (1), and K0c = 29.6(4) GPa, and the anisotropic ratio of K0a:K0b:K0c = 1:0.4:0.5. The evolution of crystal lattice and geometrical parameters indicated no phase transition until 17.6 GPa. Sulphate polyhedra were incompressible and the density increase of 30% compared to investigated pressure should be attributed to the reduction of weaker hydrogen bonds. In contrast, some of them, directed along [100], were very short at room temperature, below 2 Å, and showed a very low compressibility. This configuration explains the anisotropic compressional behavior and the lowest compressibility of the a axis.

ACS Style

Paola Comodi; Maximiliano Fastelli; Giacomo Criniti; Konstantin Glazyrin; Azzurra Zucchini. High Pressure Behavior of Mascagnite from Single Crystal Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Data. Crystals 2021, 11, 976 .

AMA Style

Paola Comodi, Maximiliano Fastelli, Giacomo Criniti, Konstantin Glazyrin, Azzurra Zucchini. High Pressure Behavior of Mascagnite from Single Crystal Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Data. Crystals. 2021; 11 (8):976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Comodi; Maximiliano Fastelli; Giacomo Criniti; Konstantin Glazyrin; Azzurra Zucchini. 2021. "High Pressure Behavior of Mascagnite from Single Crystal Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Data." Crystals 11, no. 8: 976.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Minerals
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Recent satellite observations and the deconvolution of remote sensing data have shown the existence of various carbonate minerals in different solar system bodies. Emissivity, from 403 to 803 K, and reflectance spectra at 300 and 193 K of selected carbonates minerals with different ratios of Na:Ca and water amounts were respectively collected at 3–20 μm and at 1–16 μm. All reflectance spectra show absorption features in the 1.9–2.5 and 3.4–4.0 μm areas due to overtone and a combination of CO32− and fundamental vibrational models at ≈9.09, 11.35, 7.06, and 14.7 μm. The increase of the Na:Ca ratio in anhydrous samples produces a shift of the absorption features in the 3.4–4.0 μm area toward shorter wavelengths, and the peak at 3.9 μm doubles in the presence of a CO32− oxygen group shared with two cations in minerals having more complex structures. The comparison of the bands at ≈669 and ≈794 cm−1 in the emissivity spectra collected at high temperatures indicates that around 600 K, phase transitions occurred in natrite and thermonatrite. The reflectance spectra measured at 193 K reveal a fine structure compared to spectra collected at room temperature. The comparison of laboratory results with the spectrum of Ceres’s brightest crater Occator from the Dawn mission, taken as a case study, showed how the anhydrous samples, shortite and nyerereite, studied in this work can also be hypothesized for Ceres’s surface beyond that already suggested (trona, natrite, thermonatrite).

ACS Style

Maximiliano Fastelli; Azzurra Zucchini; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Maturilli; Giulia Alemanno; Ernesto Palomba; Riccardo Piergallini. NIR-MID Reflectance and Emissivity Study at Different Temperatures of Sodium Carbonate Minerals: Spectra Characterization and Implication for Remote Sensing Identification. Minerals 2021, 11, 845 .

AMA Style

Maximiliano Fastelli, Azzurra Zucchini, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Maturilli, Giulia Alemanno, Ernesto Palomba, Riccardo Piergallini. NIR-MID Reflectance and Emissivity Study at Different Temperatures of Sodium Carbonate Minerals: Spectra Characterization and Implication for Remote Sensing Identification. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):845.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maximiliano Fastelli; Azzurra Zucchini; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Maturilli; Giulia Alemanno; Ernesto Palomba; Riccardo Piergallini. 2021. "NIR-MID Reflectance and Emissivity Study at Different Temperatures of Sodium Carbonate Minerals: Spectra Characterization and Implication for Remote Sensing Identification." Minerals 11, no. 8: 845.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Sustainability
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A multi-methodic analysis was performed on five samples of fly ashes coming from different biomasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate their possible re-use and their dangerousness to people and the environment. Optical granulometric analyses indicated that the average diameter of the studied fly ashes was around 20 µm, whereas only ~1 vol% had diameters lower that 2.5 µm. The chemical composition, investigated with electron probe microanalysis, indicated that all the samples had a composition in which Ca was prevalent, followed by Si and Al. Large contents of K and P were observed in some samples, whereas the amount of potentially toxic elements was always below the Italian law thresholds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were completely absent in all the samples coming from combustion plants, whereas they were present in the fly ashes from the gasification center. Quantitative mineralogical content, determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, indicated that all the samples had high amorphous content, likely enriched in Ca, and several K and P minerals, such as sylvite and apatite. The results obtained from the chemo-mineralogical study performed make it possible to point out that biomass fly ashes could be interesting materials (1) for amendments in clayey soils, as a substitution for lime, to stimulate pozzolanic reactions and improve their geotechnical properties, thus, on the one hand, avoiding the need to mine raw materials and, on the other hand, re-cycling waste; and (2) as agricultural fertilizers made by a new and ecological source of K and P.

ACS Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Umberto Susta; Costanza Cambi; Riccardo Vivani; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Franco Cotana. Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6052 .

AMA Style

Paola Comodi, Azzurra Zucchini, Umberto Susta, Costanza Cambi, Riccardo Vivani, Gianluca Cavalaglio, Franco Cotana. Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6052.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Umberto Susta; Costanza Cambi; Riccardo Vivani; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Franco Cotana. 2021. "Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6052.

Preprint
Published: 10 May 2021
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A multi-methodic analysis was performed on 5 samples of fly ashes coming from different biomasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate their possible re-use and their dangerousness for men and environment. Optical granulometric analyses indicate that the average diameter of the studied fly ashes is around 20 µm, whereas only ~1 vol% has diameter lower that 2.5 µm. The chemical composition, investigated with electron probe microanalysis, indicates that all the samples have a prevalent Ca composition, followed by Si and Al. A large content in K and P was observed in some samples, whereas the content in potentially toxic elements is always below the Italian law thresholds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are completely absent in all the samples coming from combustion plants, whereas they are present in the fly ashes from the gasification center. Quantitative mineralogical content, determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, indicates that all the samples have a large amorphous content, likely enriched in Ca, and several K and P minerals, such as sylvite and apatite. The results obtained from the performed chemo-mineralogical study allowed to point out that the biomass fly ashes could be interesting materials (1) as amending in clayey soils, in substitution to lime, to stimulating pozzolanic reaction and improve their geotechnical properties, on the one hand, avoiding to mine raw materials and, on the other hand, re-cycling wastes; (2) as agricultural fertilizes made by a new and ecological source of K and P.

ACS Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Umberto Susta; Costanza Cambi; Riccardo Vivani; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Franco Cotana. A Multi Scale Minero-chemical Analyses of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluate their Danger vs Benefit. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Paola Comodi, Azzurra Zucchini, Umberto Susta, Costanza Cambi, Riccardo Vivani, Gianluca Cavalaglio, Franco Cotana. A Multi Scale Minero-chemical Analyses of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluate their Danger vs Benefit. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Umberto Susta; Costanza Cambi; Riccardo Vivani; Gianluca Cavalaglio; Franco Cotana. 2021. "A Multi Scale Minero-chemical Analyses of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluate their Danger vs Benefit." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2020 in Minerals
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Recent discoveries have demonstrated that the surfaces of Mars, Ceres and other celestial bodies, as well as asteroids and comets, are characterized by the presence of ammonium-bearing minerals. A careful study of remote data compared with the analyses of more accurate laboratory data might allow a better remote characterization of planetary bodies. In this paper, the reflectance spectra of some ammoniated hydrous and anhydrous salts, namely sal-ammoniac NH4Cl, larderellite (NH4)B5O7(OH)2·H2O, mascagnite (NH4)SO4, struvite (NH4)MgPO4·6H2O and tschermigite (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O, were collected at 293 and at 193 K. The aim is to detect how the NH4 vibrational features are affected by the chemical and structural environment. All samples were recovered after cooling cycles and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Reflectance spectra of the studied minerals show absorption features around 1.3, 1.6, 2.06, 2.14, 3.23, 5.8 and 7.27 μm, related to the ammonium group. Between them, the 2ν3 at ~1.56 μm and the ν3 + ν4 at ~2.13 μm are the most affected modes by crystal structure type, with their position being strictly related to both anionic group and the strength of the hydrogen bonds. The reflectance spectra of water-rich samples [struvite (NH4)MgPO4·6(H2O) and tschermigite (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12(H2O)] show only H2O fundamental absorption features in the area from 2 to 2.8 μm and a band from hygroscopic water at 3 μm. Thermal analyses (TA), thermal gravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allowed to evaluate the dehydration temperatures and the occurring phase transitions and decompositions in the analyzed samples. In almost all samples, endothermic peaks at distinct temperatures were registered associated to loss of water molecules, differently linked to the structures. Moreover, an endothermic peak at 465 K in sal-ammoniac was associated to the phase transition from CsCl to NaCl structure type.

ACS Style

Maximiliano Fastelli; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Maturilli; Azzurra Zucchini. Reflectance Spectroscopy of Ammonium Salts: Implications for Planetary Surface Composition. Minerals 2020, 10, 902 .

AMA Style

Maximiliano Fastelli, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Maturilli, Azzurra Zucchini. Reflectance Spectroscopy of Ammonium Salts: Implications for Planetary Surface Composition. Minerals. 2020; 10 (10):902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maximiliano Fastelli; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Maturilli; Azzurra Zucchini. 2020. "Reflectance Spectroscopy of Ammonium Salts: Implications for Planetary Surface Composition." Minerals 10, no. 10: 902.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2019 in Minerals
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Ultramafic soils are characterized by severe edaphic conditions induced by a low content of essential nutrients, an adverse Ca/Mg ratio, a low water-holding capacity, and high contents of geogenic potentially toxic elements (PTEs), in particular Cr, Ni, and Co. These metals commonly exceed the content limits set by environmental agencies and governments, representing serious environmental risks for ecosystems and human health. In alpine environments, ultramafic soils are characterized by modest thickness and poor horizon differentiation. Several studies on ultramafic soils have shown that their properties may be directly related to the characteristics of the parent rocks, but most of these studies deal with soil chemistry, metal availability, isotopic composition, and pedological characterization. The aim of this research is to investigate how much the geotectonic characteristics of ultramafic bedrocks, such as the degree of serpentinization, metamorphic imprint, and deformation, may affect the mineralogical and chemical variations of ultramafic soils, including the occurrence and potential mobility of the PTEs. Using a multiscale and multi-analytical approach, we fully characterize the properties and mineralogical composition of soil profiles with different ultramafic parent rocks, i.e., partially serpentinized peridotite, massive serpentinites, and foliated serpentinites, sampled within the Voltri Massif High Pressure–Low Temperature (HP–LT) metaophiolite (Western Alps, Italy). Our results, related to soils located at comparable latitude, altitude, landscape position, and pedological environment, outline that the degree of serpentinization, the metamorphic imprint, and the deformation history of the ultramafic parent rocks are key factors influencing soil evolution, mineralogy, and chemistry, as well as PTEs distribution and mobility. Moreover, this study shows that the high content of Cr, Ni, and Co in the studied ultramafic soils has to be considered of geogenic origin and highlights the need for new approaches and methods to obtain indications on the potential contamination of natural or anthropogenic soils.

ACS Style

Pietro Marescotti; Paola Comodi; Laura Crispini; Lara Gigli; Azzurra Zucchini; Silvia Fornasaro. Potentially Toxic Elements in Ultramafic Soils: A Study from Metamorphic Ophiolites of the Voltri Massif (Western Alps, Italy). Minerals 2019, 9, 502 .

AMA Style

Pietro Marescotti, Paola Comodi, Laura Crispini, Lara Gigli, Azzurra Zucchini, Silvia Fornasaro. Potentially Toxic Elements in Ultramafic Soils: A Study from Metamorphic Ophiolites of the Voltri Massif (Western Alps, Italy). Minerals. 2019; 9 (8):502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Marescotti; Paola Comodi; Laura Crispini; Lara Gigli; Azzurra Zucchini; Silvia Fornasaro. 2019. "Potentially Toxic Elements in Ultramafic Soils: A Study from Metamorphic Ophiolites of the Voltri Massif (Western Alps, Italy)." Minerals 9, no. 8: 502.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2019 in Materials
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A new technology was tested to improve the cooking efficiency of the raw mixture for Portland clinker production by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. A decrease in the free lime concentration after the firing of approximately 35% and 55% in the nano-added clinkers burned at 1350 °C and 1450 °C, respectively, with respect to the standard Portland clinkers was observed. Moreover, in the nano-added clinkers, a slight decrease in alite (C3S), of approximately 2-4 wt%, and increase in belite (C2S), of approximately 5-6 wt%, were observed. Despite these variations, the C2S and C3S abundance lies within the ranges for standard Portland clinkers. The results showed that the nano-addition leads to an increase of the raw mixtures' cooking efficiency. The relatively low energy required for the clinker firing could be used to increase the plant productivity and decrease the CO2 emissions during clinker burning. The decrease of the work index of the clinkers produced by the use of the nano-Ca(OH)2 also contributes to the energy saving during clinker grinding. Differences were also found in the pore size distribution among nano-added clinkers and the standard Portland clinker. The smallest porosities with the modal volume lying in the class of 3∙10-6 mm3 were found to increase by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. However, the pore volumes higher than 2.0∙10-5 mm3 decreased in the nano-added clinkers.

ACS Style

Azzurra Zucchini; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Di Michele; Riccardo Vivani; Lucia Mancini; Gabriele Lanzafame; Serena Casagrande; Silvia Gentili; Francesco Vetere; Luca Bartolucci; Gianluca Polidori; Fabio Santinelli; Alessandro Neri. Effect of the Nano-Ca(OH)2 Addition on the Portland Clinker Cooking Efficiency. Materials 2019, 12, 1787 .

AMA Style

Azzurra Zucchini, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Di Michele, Riccardo Vivani, Lucia Mancini, Gabriele Lanzafame, Serena Casagrande, Silvia Gentili, Francesco Vetere, Luca Bartolucci, Gianluca Polidori, Fabio Santinelli, Alessandro Neri. Effect of the Nano-Ca(OH)2 Addition on the Portland Clinker Cooking Efficiency. Materials. 2019; 12 (11):1787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azzurra Zucchini; Paola Comodi; Alessandro Di Michele; Riccardo Vivani; Lucia Mancini; Gabriele Lanzafame; Serena Casagrande; Silvia Gentili; Francesco Vetere; Luca Bartolucci; Gianluca Polidori; Fabio Santinelli; Alessandro Neri. 2019. "Effect of the Nano-Ca(OH)2 Addition on the Portland Clinker Cooking Efficiency." Materials 12, no. 11: 1787.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Crystals
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High-pressure single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data for galenobismutite, PbBi2S4 collected up to 20.9 GPa, were fitted by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, as suggested by a FE-fE plot, yielding V0 = 697.4(8) Å3, K0 = 51(1) GPa and K’ = 5.0(2). The axial moduli were M0a = 115(7) GPa and Ma’ = 28(2) for the a axis, M0b = 162(3) GPa and Mb’ = 8(3) for the b axis, M0c = 142(8) GPa and Mc’ = 26(2) for the c axis, with refined values of a0, b0, c0 equal to 11.791(7) Å, 14.540(6) Å 4.076(3) Å, respectively, and a ratio equal to M0a:M0b:M0c = 1.55:1:1.79. The main structural changes on compression were the M2 and M3 (occupied by Bi, Pb) movements toward the centers of their respective trigonal prism bodies and M3 changes towards CN8. The M1 site, occupied solely by Bi, regularizes the octahedral form with CN6. The eccentricities of all cation sites decreased with compression testifying for a decrease in stereochemical expression of lone electron pairs. Galenobismutite is isostructural with calcium ferrite CaFe2O4, the suggested high pressure structure can host Na and Al in the lower mantle. The study indicates that pressure enables the incorporation of other elements in this structure, increasing its potential significance for mantle mineralogy.

ACS Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Tonci Balić-Žunić; Michael Hanfland; Ines Collings. The High Pressure Behavior of Galenobismutite, PbBi2S4: A Synchrotron Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Study. Crystals 2019, 9, 210 .

AMA Style

Paola Comodi, Azzurra Zucchini, Tonci Balić-Žunić, Michael Hanfland, Ines Collings. The High Pressure Behavior of Galenobismutite, PbBi2S4: A Synchrotron Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Study. Crystals. 2019; 9 (4):210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Comodi; Azzurra Zucchini; Tonci Balić-Žunić; Michael Hanfland; Ines Collings. 2019. "The High Pressure Behavior of Galenobismutite, PbBi2S4: A Synchrotron Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Study." Crystals 9, no. 4: 210.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2018 in Engineering Geology
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An extensive experimental multi-scale analysis was developed on a pyroclastic soil, coming from Central Italy, to investigate the link between the mineralogical and microstructural evolution of the system and the mechanical improvements induced by lime treatment. Chemo-mineralogical and microstructural evolution of the hydrated lime-soil system was monitored by means of Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis, 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-Ray Diffraction, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Rietvield analysis of X-Ray Diffraction results allowed a quantitative evaluation of amorphous phase and mineralogical components over time. Compressibility properties were measured by means of oedometer tests on raw and treated specimens. Amorphous phase plays a fundamental role in the development of pozzolanic reactions and in the formation of new cementitious compounds, whereas the contribution of zeolites, abundant in the raw soil, and other minerals is negligible. Formation of new phases induces microstructural modifications of the system, mainly detected within 28 days of curing. Chemo-mineralogical evolution of the system and the microstructural modifications affect the macroscopic behaviour of lime treated samples towards a structured behaviour, with a decrease of compressibility and an increase of yield stress.

ACS Style

Giulia Guidobaldi; Costanza Cambi; Manuela Cecconi; Paola Comodi; Dimitri Deneele; Michaël Paris; Giacomo Russo; Enza Vitale; Azzurra Zucchini. Chemo-mineralogical evolution and microstructural modifications of a lime treated pyroclastic soil. Engineering Geology 2018, 245, 333 -343.

AMA Style

Giulia Guidobaldi, Costanza Cambi, Manuela Cecconi, Paola Comodi, Dimitri Deneele, Michaël Paris, Giacomo Russo, Enza Vitale, Azzurra Zucchini. Chemo-mineralogical evolution and microstructural modifications of a lime treated pyroclastic soil. Engineering Geology. 2018; 245 ():333-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Guidobaldi; Costanza Cambi; Manuela Cecconi; Paola Comodi; Dimitri Deneele; Michaël Paris; Giacomo Russo; Enza Vitale; Azzurra Zucchini. 2018. "Chemo-mineralogical evolution and microstructural modifications of a lime treated pyroclastic soil." Engineering Geology 245, no. : 333-343.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Meteoritics & Planetary Science
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The Mineo pallasite is characterized here for the first time. The only 42 g still available worldwide is part of the collection of the Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia. A multianalytical approach was used, joining field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results highlighted that (1) the Mineo pallasite belongs to the Main Group pallasites; (2) the silicate component is essentially olivine, with no pyroxene component; (3) the olivine chemical composition varies in terms of both iron and trace elements; (4) the metal phase is essentially kamacite with the taenite mainly found in the plessite structure; (5) phosphide phases are present as schreibersite and barringerite. The observed compositional variability in olivines as well as their occurrence as both angular and rounded crystals suggest that the Mineo pallasite could have been derived from a large impact of a differentiated parent body with a larger solid body. The resulting pallasite conglomerate consists of the compositionally different olivines, likely coming from different areas of the same differentiated parent body, and the residual molten Fe-Ni.

ACS Style

A. Zucchini; M. Petrelli; F. Frondini; C. M. Petrone; P. Sassi; A. Di Michele; S. Palmerini; O. Trippella; Maurizio Maria Busso. Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the Mineo (Sicily, Italy) pallasite: A unique sample. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 2018, 53, 268 -283.

AMA Style

A. Zucchini, M. Petrelli, F. Frondini, C. M. Petrone, P. Sassi, A. Di Michele, S. Palmerini, O. Trippella, Maurizio Maria Busso. Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the Mineo (Sicily, Italy) pallasite: A unique sample. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2018; 53 (2):268-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Zucchini; M. Petrelli; F. Frondini; C. M. Petrone; P. Sassi; A. Di Michele; S. Palmerini; O. Trippella; Maurizio Maria Busso. 2018. "Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the Mineo (Sicily, Italy) pallasite: A unique sample." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 53, no. 2: 268-283.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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In this work we focused on syngas production from bioethanol, achieving proper H2/CO = 2 ratio to feed the FT reaction. The catalysts were constituted by Ni supported over BEA zeolites. The Si/Al ratio was varied to assess the effect of acidity on catalyst activity, selectivity and stability. As well, the effect of Ni loading (0.6–4 wt%) was investigated. Ni confinement into the zeolite pores proved a successful strategy to contrast deactivation by coking and to ensure stable operation with time-on-stream. Intermediate Ni loading (1.5–4 wt%) allowed to limit byproducts formation and to achieve the desired H2/CO ratio (ca. 2 mol/mol) for the present application. By contrast, increasing Ni loading increased the activity for both the reforming and the water gas shift reactions, thus improving H2 productivity but unbalancing the reaction mixture for application in the FT process. The conversion of CO through the WGS reaction showed strongly correlated to Ni loading, as well as the reforming of methane, a byproduct of bioethanol decomposition. The equilibrium conversion was achieved at the highest Ni loading

ACS Style

Ilenia Rossetti; Matteo Compagnoni; Elisabetta Finocchio; Gianguido Ramis; Alessandro Di Michele; Azzurra Zucchini; Stanislaw Dzwigaj. Syngas production via steam reforming of bioethanol over Ni–BEA catalysts: A BTL strategy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2016, 41, 16878 -16889.

AMA Style

Ilenia Rossetti, Matteo Compagnoni, Elisabetta Finocchio, Gianguido Ramis, Alessandro Di Michele, Azzurra Zucchini, Stanislaw Dzwigaj. Syngas production via steam reforming of bioethanol over Ni–BEA catalysts: A BTL strategy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016; 41 (38):16878-16889.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilenia Rossetti; Matteo Compagnoni; Elisabetta Finocchio; Gianguido Ramis; Alessandro Di Michele; Azzurra Zucchini; Stanislaw Dzwigaj. 2016. "Syngas production via steam reforming of bioethanol over Ni–BEA catalysts: A BTL strategy." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 38: 16878-16889.