As an innovative physiotherapeutic approach, magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) has unique advantages including minimal invasiveness, precise temperature control, and deep tissue penetration capabilities. It offers unparalleled control over heating areas and temperatures, boasts high efficiency, and results in excellent tissue penetration, while remaining independent of biological tissues. With vast potential in biomedical applications ranging from antitumor therapy to thrombus dissolution, MHT harnesses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to convert magnetic energy into thermal energy under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), thereby achieving therapeutic effects. Advanced magnetic nanocomposite platforms based on magnetic nanoparticles can avoid various risks associated with traditional tools, achieving precise, on-demand, or continuous targeted drug delivery and release through multiple approaches. The potential clinical applications of magnetic hyperthermia therapy are being progressively developed. The present article presents an exhaustive review of the research progress in magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Initially, the overall landscape of MHT was outlined, including physical heat generation mechanisms, types of magnetic nanoparticles and conductive nonmagnetic materials, strategies to increase the thermal efficiency of MNPs, and experimental evidence and research progress on “hot-spot” effects. This review has focused on biomedical applications and targeted drug delivery of innovative combination therapy strategies based on MHT. The progress of clinical trials on MNPs-mediated MHT (MNPs-MHT) is summarized below. Furthermore, the limitations, major challenges and prospects in the clinical translation of MHT are discussed. The objective of this work is to provide a panoramic view of biomedical applications and targeted drug delivery of MHT, which can potentially guide researchers and facilitate the successful implementation of advanced MNPs-MHT systems in the future.

Mueller-Weiss disease is a rarely diagnosed deformity where the navicular bone undergoes spontaneous osteonecrosis in adults. Until now, there is no widely accepted operative treatment for this unusual disease. We aimed to compare clinical and radiological outcomes between the open triple fusion and talonavicular-cuneiform arthrodesis for Mueller-Weiss disease of stage 4. During the period from February 2012 to June 2016, 10 patients (11 feet) suffering from Mueller-Weiss disease of stage 4 were treated by the same senior surgeon. Among them, 5 patients (5 feet) were treated with open triple fusion and 5 patients (6 feet) were treated with talonavicular-cuneiform arthrodesis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. Radiological results were assessed based on the X-ray and CT. Postoperative complications were also recorded. There were no significant differences in AOFAS score between the two groups (p = 0.1 > 0.05). For the open triple fusion, the average AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved from 30.2 ± 3.27 preoperatively to 79 ± 3.81 at the last follow-up (p = 0.008). And for the talonavicular-cuneiform (TNC) arthrodesis, the average AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved from 33.2 ± 5.63 preoperatively to 86.2 ± 3.49 at the last follow-up (p = 0.007). Both triple fusion and TNC arthrodesis are reasonable methods for the treatment of Mueller-Weiss disease if properly used. It is crucial to use radiological assessment to evaluate the involved joints preoperatively and then chose the appropriate method to treat different patients.

Osteoporotic fractures are characterized by abnormal inflammation, deterioration of the bone microenvironment, weakened mechanical properties, and difficulties in osteogenic differentiation. The chronic inflammatory state characterized by aging macrophages leads to delayed or non‐healing of the fracture or even the formation of bone defects. The current bottleneck in clinical treatment is to achieve strong fixation of the comminuted bone fragments and effective regulation of the complex microenvironment of aging macrophages. Inspired by cement and gravel in concrete infrastructure, a biomimetic bone glue with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres is developed and levodopa/oxidized chitosan hydrogel stabilized on an organic‐inorganic framework of nanohydroxyapatite, named DOPM. DOPM is characterized via morphological and mechanical characterization techniques, in vitro experiments with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, and in vivo experiments with an aged SD rat model exhibiting osteoporotic bone defects. DOPM exhibited excellent adhesion properties, good biocompatibility, and significant osteogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that DOPM improved the inflammatory microenvironment by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway and promoting aging macrophage polarization toward M2 macrophages, thus significantly accelerating bone defect repair and regeneration. This biomimetic bone glue, which enhances osteointegration and reestablishes the homeostasis of aging macrophages, has potential applications in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.

Advanced microneedles (MNs) are a series of complex and multifunctional MNs designed for a variety of clinical applications that are not only efficacious but also cost-effective, acceptable, and safe. In light of the potential limitations of conventional drug delivery, including low drug bioavailability and insufficient therapeutic efficiency, as well as the financial burden and discomfort associated with conventional detection, there is a thirst for alternatives. As a novel form of cargo delivery capable of penetrating tissue surface barriers easily, MNs avoid the various risks associated with traditional testing tools, and can achieve precise, on-demand, or continuous drug delivery. It has great potential to become an ideal clinical tool. Herein, an exhaustive review is proposed to summarize the designs and research progress of MNs. First, the designs and fabrication of it are introduced. Next, recent advances of applications in detection and therapy of MNs are systematically classified and discussed. Second, clinical trials of MNs in recent five years and commercial MNs are provided. Furthermore, this review discusses the limitations and challenges of MNs and speculates on their prospective evolution and applications in biomedicine. This review focuses on the future effective utilization of MNs and novel designs of innovative and effective clinical MNs devices.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are conditions that affect the muscles of mastication and joints that connect the mandible to the base of the skull. Although TMJ disorders are associated with symptoms, the causes are not well proven. Chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of TMJ disease by promoting chemotaxis inflammatory cells to destroy the joint synovium, cartilage, subchondral bone, and other structures. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of chemokines is critical for developing appropriate treatment of TMJ. In this review, we discuss chemokines including MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-3a, RANTES, IL-8, SDF-1, and fractalkine that are known to be involved in TMJ diseases. In addition, we present novel findings that CCL2 is involved in β-catenin-mediated TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) and potential molecular targets for the development of effective therapies. The effects of common inflammatory factors, IL-1β and TNF-α, on chemotaxis are also described. In conclusion, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future chemokine-targeted therapies for TMJ OA.