This study aimed to establish the phytochemical profile of Glochidion velutinum and its cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer (PC-3) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. The phytochemical composition of G. velutinum leaf extract and its fractions was established with the help of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis. The crude methanolic extract and its fractions were studied for pharmacological activity against PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines using the MTT assay. The total phenolic content of the crude extract and its fractions ranged from 44 to 859 µg GAE/mg of sample whereas total flavonoid contents ranged from 20 to 315 µg QE/mg of sample. A total of forty-eight compounds were tentatively dereplicated in the extract and its fractions. These phytochemicals included benzoic acid derivatives, flavans, flavones, O-methylated flavonoids, flavonoid O- and C-glycosides, pyranocoumarins, hydrolysable tannins, carbohydrate conjugates, fatty acids, coumarin glycosides, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and terpene glycosides. The crude extract (IC₅₀ = 89 µg/mL), the chloroform fraction (IC₅₀ = 27 µg/mL), and the water fraction (IC₅₀ = 36 µg/mL) were found to be active against the PC-3 cell line. However, the crude extract (IC₅₀ = 431 µg/mL), the chloroform fraction (IC₅₀ = 222 µg/mL), and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC₅₀ = 226 µg/mL) have shown prominent activity against breast cancer cells. Moreover, G. velutinum extract and its fractions presented negligible toxicity to normal macrophages at the maximum tested dose (600 µg/mL). Among the compounds identified through LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis, epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, isovitexin, and rutin were reported to have anticancer activity against both prostate and breast cancer cell lines and might be responsible for the cytotoxic activities of G. velutinum extract and its bioactive fractions.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of quince fruit, used in folk medicine. For this purpose, the phytoconstituents of Cydonia oblonga fruit extract, like phenolics and flavonoids, were determined. A stable cosmetic emulgel containing 4% Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was formulated and subjected to in vivo evaluation compared with a control. Materials and Methods: Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was evaluated for tyrosinase activity and phenolic and flavonoid content. A stable emulgel containing 4% Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was formulated and tested in a skin irritation test. After this, in vivo tests of erythema, moisture, sebum, and skin elasticity were conducted. The in vivo evaluation was a randomized and single-blind study. Thirteen healthy female volunteers were selected for a three-month study period. Results: Cydonia oblonga fruit extract showed good phenolic and flavonoid content, which was associated with its good antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibiting activity. Cydonia oblonga containing the emulgel showed a reduction in sebum and erythema, while the elasticity and moisture content showed increments in their levels after the three-month application of the formulation. The fruit contains chlorogenic acid and many sugars, which might account for its anti-inflammatory and sebum reduction effects; it is also capable of enhancing the skin’s hydration level and decreasing skin sagging by enhancing its elasticity. Conclusion: The emulgel loaded with Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract is verified regarding its folklore status as a moisturizing agent that enhances the facial skin cells’ resilience potential.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the principal cause of premature death. Protecting myocardium from ischemia is the main focus of intense research. 7-hydroxy frullanolide (7-HF) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, showing its efficacy in different acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, suggesting it can be a potential cardioprotective agent. For the induction of MI, Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 5) were administered isoproterenol (ISO) 85 mg/kg s.c at 24 h intervals for two days. The potential cardioprotective effect of 7-HF and its mechanisms were explored by in vivo and in vitro methods. 7-HF significantly prevented the extent of myocardial injury by decreasing the infarct size, preserving the histology of myocardial tissue, and reducing the release of cardiac biomarkers. Further, 7-HF increased the mRNA expression of cardioprotective gene Nrf2 and reduced the mRNA expression of iNOS. 7-HF also improved cardiac function by decreasing the cardiac workload through its negative chronotropic and negative ionotropic effect, as well as by reducing peripheral vascular resistance due to the inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels and the release of calcium from intracellular calcium stores. In conclusion, 7-HF showed cardioprotective effects in the MI model, which might be due to modulating the expression of iNOS and Nrf2 genes as well as improving cardiac functions.