Lee JH, et al. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2018 Apr;48(2):114-123. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.2.114

Background: The sinus lift technique may be difficult to perform if an aberrant sinus anatomy is encountered during surgical exposure, such as when a septum is present on the sinus floor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, size, location, and morphology of maxillary sinus septa in the atrophic/edentulous and non‐atrophic/dentate maxillary segments.Methods: The sample population consisted of 100 patients (41 women and 59 men, with a mean age of 50 years, ranging between 19 and 87 years) for whom treatment was being planned for implant‐supported restorations. Reformatted computerized tomograms (CT) from 200 sinuses were analyzed using imaging software.Results: The prevalence of one or more septa per sinus was found to be 26.5% (53/200), 31.76% (27/85), and 22.61% (26/115) in the overall study population and the atrophic/edentulous and the non‐atrophic/dentate maxillary segments, respectively. In the analysis of the anatomic location of the septa within the sinus, it was revealed that 15 (25.4%) were located in the anterior region, 30 (50.8%) in the middle region, and 14 (23.7%) in the posterior region. The measured heights of the septa varied among the different areas. The mean heights of the septa were 1.63 ± 2.44, 3.55 ± 2.58, and 5.46 ± 3.09 mm in the lateral, middle, and medial areas, respectively.Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is a wide anatomical variation in the prevalence, size, location, and morphology of maxillary sinus septa, irrespective of the degree of atrophy. Therefore, to prevent the likelihood of complications arising during sinus augmentation procedures, a thorough and extensive understanding of the anatomic structures inherent to the maxillary sinus is indispensable.

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier is being evaluated as a candidate therapy for periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum, and associated root resorption and ankylosis following surgical implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS in a canine clinical model.Methods: Bilateral 3‐wall intrabony periodontal defects were surgically induced in the premolar region in the maxilla and mandible in 8 young adult Korean mongrel dogs. The defects in each animal received rhBMP‐2/ACS (rhBMP‐2 at 0.2 mg/ml, total implant volume/defect ~ 0.1 ml) or buffer/ACS, or served as sham‐operated controls. Surgeries were sequenced for each animal to provide postmortem observations following 8‐ and 24‐week healing intervals. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using clinical, radiographic, and histometric parameters.Results: Surgical implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS resulted in accelerated enhanced bone formation in the 3‐wall intrabony periodontal defects but in no apparent enhancement of cementum regeneration. rhBMP‐2/ACS did not appear to be associated with aberrant healing events such as root resorption and ankylosis under these simulated clinical conditions.Conclusions: Surgical implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS may be used safely to support regeneration of alveolar bone in intrabony periodontal defects in dogs without aberrant events such as root resorption or ankylosis complicating the regenerative procedure. rhBMP‐2/ACS does not appear to have a significant effect on cementum regeneration and formation of a functional periodontal ligament in this model. J Periodontol 2002;73:63‐72.