Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio-deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ? 8.06 CFU m-3, and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.

Biofilm on the sandstone substrata of the bridge 'Brankov most' and on the granite substrata of the 'Monument of the Unknown Hero' contains a complex consortia of cyanobacteria, algae, and fungi. Coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms make up the photosynthetic part of the biofilm while hyphal fragments, chlamydospores, fruiting bodies and spores take part as fungal components. These structures make a dense layer by intertwining and overlapping the stone surface. Five cyanobacterial, 11 algal and 23 fungal taxa were found. The interaction of the biofilm's constituents results in the bioweathering of the stone substrata through mechanical penetration, acid corrosion and the production of secondary mycogenic biominerals. .

Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) on frescoes and façade of the Holy Virgin Church (Gradac Monastery, Serbia) were investigated to study the effectiveness of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as a biocide. Antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil as a natural product with confirmed high fungicidal potential was also tested against fungi causing alterations on the frescoes. Chemical and mineralogical composition of the church historical mortar showed the dominance of calcareous minerals. In large areas on the church façade, coloured biopatinas formed by different groups of coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, green algae and filamentous fungi were found. Epilithic lichens and bryophytes were also present on the church exterior suggesting long-term ecological succession. The presence on the frescoes, of human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus were found in the internal environment. Aspergillus and Penicillium species isolated from painted walls were subject to an in vitro biocidal assay with the biocide BAC. An aqueous solution of 0.25% and 0.15% BAC was able to reduce the viability of all the tested fungal isolates after exposure to the solution for 5 min, while exposure to an aqueous solution of 0.05% for 30 min reduced conidial viability. Origanum vulgare essential oil also showed strong antifungal potential against selected fungal isolates.