The goal of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to compare the longevity of direct and indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating direct and indirect composite restorations in permanent posterior teeth. Three electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane) and Embase) were screened. No language or time restrictions were applied. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done in duplicate. Risk of bias and level of evidence was graded using Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and Grade Profiler 3.6. A total of 3056 articles were found by electronic databases. Finally, five RCTs were selected. Overall, 627 restorations of which 323 were direct and 304 indirect composite restorations have been placed in 279 patients (age: 28-81 years). The highest annual failure rates (AFR) were found for indirect restorations ranging from 0 % to 15.5 %. Lower AFR were found for direct restorations ranging from 0 % to 5.4 %. The most frequent failures were found to be chipping and fracture of the restoration followed by caries. Meta-analysis revealed that the failure rate for direct restorations was significantly lower than for indirect restorations (Risk Ratio (RR) [95 %CI] = 0.61 [0.47; 0.79]; very low level of evidence). Furthermore, all studies showed a high risk of bias. Direct and indirect composite restorations can be recommended for large class II cavities including cusp coverage in posterior teeth for single tooth restoration. Meta-analysis revealed significantly lower relative risk to fail for direct composite restorations than for indirect restorations but results are with high risk of basis.

This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo initial microbial adhesion of oral microorganisms on the biomaterial Biodentine compared to MTA and AH Plus. Cylindrical samples of the materials were prepared, and dentin slabs served as a control. An individual intraoral lower jaw splint served as a carrier for the samples and was worn by six volunteers. The specimens were worn for 120 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified by determining the colony-forming units (CFUs), while the visualization and quantification of total adherent microorganisms were facilitated by using DAPI and live/dead staining combined with fluorescence microscopy. Bovine dentin had a significantly higher number of aerobic CFUs compared to Biodentine (p = 0.017) and MTA (p = 0.013). The lowest amounts of DAPI-stained adherent microorganisms were quantified for Biodentine (15% ± 9%) and the control (18% ± 9%), while MTA showed the highest counts of initially adherent microorganisms (38% ± 10%). Significant differences were found for MTA and Biodentine (p = 0.004) as well as for MTA and the control (p = 0.021) and for AH Plus and the control (p = 0.025). Biodentine inhibited microbial adherence, thereby yielding an antimicrobial effectivity similar to that of MTA.

The aim was to determine the association between plaque and gingival inflammation reported by dietary interventions. Data of four clinical studies dealing with changed nutrition and gingival examination were reanalyzed with regard to gingival inflammation (GI), plaque (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Dietary changes basically involved avoiding sugar, white flour and sweetened drinks and focusing on whole foods for 4 weeks. The control groups were to maintain their usual diet. All participants had to reduce their oral hygiene efforts. Linear regression models taking the clustering of the data due to several studies into account were applied. In total, data of 92 participants (control groups: 39, test-groups 53) were reanalyzed. While both groups showed a slight increase in dental plaque, only the test groups showed a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters: GI (mean value difference End-Baseline (Δ): −0.31 (±SD 0.36)) and BOP (Δ: −15.39% (±16.07)), both p < 0.001. In the control groups, there was a constant relation between PI and GI, while the experimental group showed a decreasing relationship in GI/PI (p = 0.016), and even an inverted relationship BOP/PI under a changed diet (p = 0.031). In conclusion, diet seems to be a determining factor how the gingiva reacts towards dental plaque.

Objective: To evaluate oral health conditions and oral health-related quality of life in community-dwellers aged ≥ 45 years in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. Materials and Methods: One hundred subjects (63% males; mean age: 73 years), selected randomly using a cluster procedure within the Canton of Bern, underwent a clinical oral examination after completing questionnaires on socio-economic level, medical history, oral health behaviour, and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Descriptive analyses and multinomial regression models were applied to investigate the association between oral health diseases (dental caries and periodontitis) and specific participant characteristics. Results: The mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 0.30, 4.20, and 8.75, respectively; the mean DMFT score = 13.35. Dental caries prevalence (ICDAS > 0) was 15% and periodontitis prevalence was 46%. Logistic regression models revealed that living in an urban area was associated with lower odds (OR 0.03, _95%CI 0.00–0.36) of having periodontal disease. Male gender was associated with lower odds for dental caries (OR 0.31, _95%CI 0.09–1.01) and total lack of professional tooth cleaning was associated with higher odds for dental caries (OR 41.99, _95%CI 0.01–0.38). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that both the presence of dental caries (RR 12.80, _95%CI 1.47–111.20) and periodontal disease (RR 6.91, _95%CI 1.16–84.00) were statistically significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Within the study limitations, untreated dental caries and periodontal disease are prevalent in the Swiss population, despite the high level of self-performed oral hygiene and access to the dental care system.

A motile, rod-shaped and anaerobic strain WK13^T was isolated from a secondary root canal infection of a human tooth. WK13^T cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids (≥ 5.0%) were C_16 : 0, C_18 : 0, C_16 : 1  ω7c, C_18 : 1  ω9c and C_18 : 2  ω6,9c. The DNA G+C content was 57.94 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. There were no respiratory quinones detectable. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WK13^T belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria. WK13^T showed a 93.6% and 93.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the most closely related cultured species, Propionivibrio pelophilus strain DSM 12018^T and Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus strain DSM 5885^T, respectively. On the basis of physiological and biochemical data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the class Betaproteobacteria, for which we propose the name Dentiradicibacter hellwigii gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is WK13^T (=DSM 112713^T=NCTC 14938^T).

Purpose: To analyse the association of masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life in a representative population of individuals residing in communities in Switzerland aged ≥ 45 years. Materials and Methods: In total, 100 subjects completed two dedicated and validated questionnaires on their demographic data and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. A mixing ability test was performed for assessing masticatory performance. The qualitative analysis of the test was performed by categorizing the images into five categories, while the quantitative analysis was performed via a validated custom-made software. Results: Sixty-six samples could be analysed. Participants younger than 65 years of age showed significantly less frequent chewing deficiencies (17%) compared to those 65 years and older (50%, p < 0.01). However, retired participants had chewing deficiencies significantly more frequently (8%) compared to workers (51%, p < 0.01). A statistically significant positive association of having chewing deficiency was found between employment status (p < 0.01) and the presence of restorations (p = 0.04), while GOHAI did not show any statistically significant association. Overall, the enrolled subjects displayed moderate chewing function. Masticatory performance was positively associated with the number of present restorations. Conclusions: The enrolled subjects residing in communities in Switzerland aged ≥ 45 years displayed moderate chewing function. Their masticatory performance was positively associated with the number of present restorations but not associated with oral health related quality of life (GOHAI).