In this study, we systematically examined the influence mechanisms of introduced cobalt coated alumina (Co-coated Al₂O₃) particles on the microstructure and properties of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy printed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The Co-coated Al₂O₃ composite powders with different density of cobalt coating were prepared by varying Al₂O₃ load from 1 g/150 mL to 2 g/150 mL during the electroless plating process. Then they were mixed with CoCrMo powders in the proportion of 1 wt.% and formed standard samples by LPBF technology. The results showed that the addition of Co-coated Al₂O₃ particles improved the friction performance of CoCrMo alloys significantly. The wear depth of CCM@2Al₂O₃ was only 2.18 μm and the wear volume of it was about 10% of pure CoCrMo alloy. The CoCrMo alloy introduced the Co-coated Al₂O₃ particles with a 1 g/150 mL Al₂O₃ load formed metal-ceramic bonding interface, which solved the problem of poor wettability between Al₂O₃ and matrix in LPBF process. Such CoCrMo alloy exhibited excellent tensile properties and the mean microhardness of it reached 379.9 ± 3.5 HV_0.5.