In recent years, automatic document and text analysis has gained significant importance, driven by advancements in optical character recognition (OCR) technology and the need for efficient processing of large volumes of printed or handwritten documents. This article specifically focuses on document layout analysis (DLA) and text line detection (TLD), both of which are crucial components of OCR systems. Our objective is to develop an effective method for extracting both textual and non‐textual regions, addressing challenges unique to the Persian (and Persian‐like) language(s). In the DLA stage, we employ deep learning models and a voting system to accurately determine the regions of interest. Additionally, we introduce methods such as optimum font size concepts, angle correction, and a line curvature elimination algorithm in the TLD process to enhance OCR accuracy. Comparative evaluations against state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrate the superiority of our approach, showcasing a 2.8% improvement in the accuracy of Tesseract‐OCR 5.1.0 (a well‐established commercial OCR system) on the official Iranian newspapers dataset. These findings underscore the importance of addressing DLA and TLD challenges to advance OCR technology for Persian language documents and provide a solid foundation for future research in this domain.

As deep learning continues to evolve, we have observed huge breakthroughs in the fields of medical imaging, video and frame generation, optical character recognition (OCR), and other domains. In the field of data analysis and document processing, the recognition of handwritten numerals plays a crucial role. This work has led to remarkable changes in OCR, historical handwritten document analysis, and postal automation. In this study, we present a novel framework to overcome this challenge, going beyond digit recognition in only one language. Unlike common methods that focus on a limited set of languages, our method provides a comprehensive solution for recognition of handwritten digit images in 12 different languages. These specific languages are chosen because most of them have fairly distant representations in latent space. We utilize transfer learning, as it reduces the computational cost and maintains the quality of enhanced images and the models’ recognition accuracy. Another strength of our approach is the innovative attention-based module called the MRA module. Our experiments confirm that by applying this module, major progress is made in both image quality and the accuracy of handwritten digit recognition. Notably, we reached high precisions, surpassing nearly 2% improvement in specific languages compared to earlier techniques. In this work, we present a robust and cost-effective approach that handles multilingual handwritten numeral recognition across a wide range of languages. The code and further implementation details are available at https://github.com/CVLab-SHUT/HandWrittenDigitRecognition.

Pneumonia, a prevalent respiratory infection, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among vulnerable populations. Chest X-rays serve as a primary tool for pneumonia detection; however, variations in imaging conditions and subtle visual indicators complicate consistent interpretation. Automated tools can enhance traditional methods by improving diagnostic reliability and supporting clinical decision-making. In this study, we propose a novel multi-scale transformer approach for pneumonia detection that integrates lung segmentation and classification into a unified framework. Our method introduces a lightweight transformer-enhanced TransUNet for precise lung segmentation, achieving a Dice score of 95.68% on the “Chest X-ray Masks and Labels” dataset with fewer parameters than traditional transformers. For classification, we employ pre-trained ResNet models (ResNet-50 and ResNet-101) to extract multi-scale feature maps, which are then processed through a convolutional Residual Attention Module and a modified transformer module to enhance pneumonia detection. This integration of multi-scale feature extraction and lightweight attention mechanisms ensures robust performance, making our method suitable for resource-constrained clinical environments. Our approach achieves 93.75% accuracy on the “Kermany” dataset and 96.04% accuracy on the “Cohen” dataset, outperforming existing methods while maintaining computational efficiency.