Positive psychology is vital in increasing prosocial behavior and reducing bullying. However, limited studies have analyzed the influence of positive personal characteristics on the prosocial behaviors of bystanders in bullying. The present study examined direct and indirect relationships between spirituality, happiness, altruism, and prosocial bystander behavior in bullying. Participants in this study were 685 students from Northwestern Mexico; 51% were male and 49% female, between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.3 years, SD = 1.68). A structural equation model (SEM) was calculated. The results indicate that happiness and altruism were related to prosocial bystander behavior. Spirituality and happiness have an indirect relationship by increasing prosocial bystander behavior through the positive effects of altruism. The SEM explained 48% of the variance of the prosocial bystander. The implications for improving defensive behavior in bullying and reducing school violence are discussed.

Introduction. Academic performance plays an important role in learning and acquiring personal knowledge that guides students towards effective development in their lives and future careers. Multiple factors influence their determination and contribute to knowing the state of quality education. Objetive. This research aimed to determine the relationship between orientation to the future, academic lag, and their impact on academic performance and to compare the results based on sex and academic level. Methodology. A total of 453 students participated in this non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory study and completed an instrument that included validated scales of orientation to the future and academic lag. Academic performance was measured by the accumulated average of grades. Results. The results show significant differences regarding sex and academic level. They also indicate that the academic performance of high school and college students is positively associated with orientation to the future and negatively with academic lag. The results of the structural model suggest that orientation to the future and academic lag predict academic performance. Discussion. These findings confirm the influence of personal variables on academic performance and reaffirm the value of orientation to the future in understanding students’ academic success.

Este estudio analiza el vínculo entre la norma social del ciberacoso, la desconexión moral y la participación de adolescentes en situaciones de ciberacoso. Se encuestó a 356 estudiantes de 12 a 16 años mediante escalas adaptadas para medir la percepción de las normas, la desconexión moral y los roles en el ciberacoso. Los resultados indican que la norma social influye directamente en la desconexión moral y en los tres roles del ciberacoso: la victimización, el espectador y el perpetrador. Además, la desconexión moral se relaciona significativamente con la victimización y con el rol de espectador, pero no con el de perpetrador. Se identificó que la desconexión moral actúa como mediadora entre la norma social y el rol de espectador. El estudio concluye que tanto los factores sociales como los personales inciden en la participación de adolescentes en eventos de ciberacoso, destacando el papel mediador de la desconexión moral en este fenómeno en esta población.