Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States,¹ is diagnosed in about 1 million Americans each year.² The incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically worldwide in the last decade,^1,2 establishing the 3 main types of skin cancer—malignant melanoma, squamous cell cancer, and basal cell cancer—as significant public health concerns.^1,3 Squamous cell cancer risk increases with high levels of cumulative sun exposure, and malignant melanoma and basal cell cancer risk factors include a history of severe sunburn and intense intermittent exposure to the sun at an early age.⁴

Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of interventions incorporating motivational interviewing for smoking cessation and identify correlates of treatment effects Data sources Medline/PubMed, PsycInfo and other sources including grey literature Study selection Title/abstract search terms were motivational interview* OR motivational enhancement AND smok*, cigarette*, tobacco, OR nicotine. Randomised trials reporting number of smokers abstinent at follow up were eligible. Data extraction Data were independently coded by the first and third authors. We coded for a variety of study, participant, and intervention related variables. Data synthesis A random effects logistic regression with both a random intercept and a random slope for the treatment effect. Results 31 smoking cessation research trials were selected for the study: eight comprised adolescent samples, eight comprised adults with chronic physical or mental illness, five comprised pregnant/postpartum women and 10 comprised other adult samples. Analysis of the trials (9485 individual participants) showed an overall OR comparing likelihood of abstinence in the motivational interviewing (MI) versus control condition of OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.83). Additional potential correlates of treatment effects such as study, sample, and intervention characteristics were examined. Conclusions This is the most comprehensive review of MI for smoking cessation conducted to date. These findings suggest that current MI smoking cessation approaches can be effective for adolescents and adults. However, comparative efficacy trials could be useful.

Background: Resilience has been linked to psychological adaptation to many challenging life events. Objective: The goal was to examine 3 coping strategies—expressing positive emotions, positive reframing of the cancer experience, and cultivating a sense of peace and meaning in life—as potential mechanisms by which resilience translates to quality of life among women recently diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from women diagnosed with gynecological cancer participating in an ongoing randomized clinical trial (n = 281; mean age, 55 years; 80% were white). Participants completed measures of resilience, positive emotional expression, positive reappraisal, cultivating a sense of peace and meaning, and quality of life. Univariate and multiple mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Greater resilience was related to higher quality of life (P < .001). Multiple mediation analyses indicated that the coping strategies, as a set, accounted for 62.6% of the relationship between resilience and quality of life. When considered as a set, cultivating a sense of peace and meaning had the strongest indirect effect (b = 0.281, SE = 0.073, P < .05). Conclusion: The findings suggested that resilient women may report higher quality of life during gynecological cancer diagnosis because they are more likely to express positive emotions, reframe the experience positively, and cultivate a sense of peace and meaning in their lives. Implications for Practice: Interventions promoting a sense of purpose in one’s life and facilitating expression of positive emotions may prove beneficial, particularly for women reporting higher levels of resilience.