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Dr. Attila Kertesz
University of Szeged

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Cloud Computing
0 Simulation
0 IoT
0 fog computing
0 Data Protection

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Cloud Computing
IoT
Simulation
Data Protection
fog computing

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Short Biography

Attila Kertesz, Ph.D. is an associate professor at the University of Szeged, Hungary. His research work covers data management aspects of Cloud, Fog and IoT systems. He is a research group leader in the OTKA FK 131793 and the GINOP IoLT European Regional Development project, and an MC member of the EU COST Action CA17136. He participated in several successful European projects including COST IC1304, ENTICE EU H2020, SHIWA, S-Cube EU FP7 and the CoreGRID EU FP6 Network of Excellence projects.

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Project

Project Goal: Cloud Computing offers on-demand access to computational, infrastructure and data resources operated from a remote source. In the current worldwide ICT scenario a constantly growing number of powerful devices join the Internet, significantly impacting on the global traffic volume and foreshadowing a world of smart devices, or things in the Internet of Things perspective, interconnected by the Internet. By addressing the challenges of this vision, the overall goal of this project is to support the proliferation of IoT with the help of fog and cloud technologies. The aim of this OTKA FK 131793 project is to model the behavior of IoT devices and sensors, and to apply this model in simulated environments to enable the analysis of efficient and secure management strategies of IoT applications by performing fundamental research in the area of Fog and Cloud computing and the Internet of Things. This research plans to contribute to the better planning and estimation of IoT application costs by using our proposed solutions.

Starting Date:01 December 2019

Current Stage: Ongoing, financed by Hungarian Scientific Research Fund under the grant number OTKA FK 131793.

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Project

Project Goal: The University of Szeged, Hungary and the Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences work together in a Network of Excellence project called the Internet of Living Things (IoLT), started in 2017. This project aims to integrate IoT technological research with applied research on specific, biological IoT applications. The project will create an opensource IoLT programming platform based on JavaScript. It will be able to execute applications on cheap, low capacity IoT devices by providing easy to use programming interfaces, thus enabling application development for researchers of any discipline. Technological developments will address the JavaScript executor engine, software-hardware porting, programming environment, secure management algorithms and software quality. The IoLT application areas include the development of a smart pot for plants enabling complex plant phenotyping using medium-high throughput characterization of plant growth and physiological status; the development of a smart watch for performing actigraphy to investigate ultradian activity levels of patients in psychosocial treatments; and the development of Lab-on-a-chip systems for enhanced microfluidic diagnostic technologies for high-throughput cell analysis.

Starting Date:01 February 2017

Current Stage: Ongoing, financed by the Hungarian Government and the European Regional Development Fund under the grant number GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00037.

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Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Acta Cybernetica
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The 12th Conference of PhD Students in Computer Science (CSCS) was organized by the Institute of Informatics of the University of Szeged (SZTE) and held in Szeged, Hungary, between June 24–26, 2020. The members of the Scientific Committee were the following representatives of the Hungarian doctoral schools in Computer Science: János Csirik (Co-Chair, SZTE), Lajos Rónyai (Co-Chair, SZTAKI, BME), Péter Baranyi (SZE), András Benczúr (ELTE), András Benczúr (SZTAKI), Hassan Charaf (BME), Tibor Csendes (SZTE), László Cser (BCE), Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú (ELTE), József Dombi (SZTE), István Fazekas (DE), Zoltán Fülöp (SZTE), Aurél Galántai (OE), Zoltán Gingl (SZTE), Tibor Gyimóthy (SZTE), Katalin Hangos (PE), Zoltán Horváth (ELTE), Márk Jelasity (SZTE), Zoltán Kása (Sapientia EMTE), László Kóczy (SZE), János Levendovszki (BME), Gyöngyvér Márton (Sapientia EMTE), Branko Milosavljevic (UNS), Valerie Novitzka (TUKE), László Nyúl (SZTE), Marius Otesteanu (UPT), Attila Pethő (DE), Vlado Stankovski (UNILJ), Tamás Szirányi (SZTAKI), Péter Szolgay (PPKE), János Sztrik (DE), János Tapolcai (BME), János Végh (ME), and Daniela Zaharie (UVT). The members of the Organizing Committee were: Attila Kertész, Balázs Bánhelyi, Tamás Gergely, Judit Jász, and Zoltán Kincses. There were more than 50 participants and 43 talks in several fields of computer science and its applications (11 sessions). The talks were going in sections in Graphs, Machine Learning, Security, Program Analysis, Healthcare, Simulation, Privacy, Computer Graphics I., Bugs, Computer Graphics II., and Distributed systems. The talks of the students were completed by 2 plenary talks of leading scientists: Tibor Gyimóthy (University of Szeged, Hungary), and Gábor Tardos (Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungary). The open-access scientific journal Acta Cybernetica offered PhD students to publish the paper version of their presentations after a careful selection and review process. Altogether 29 manuscripts were submitted for review, out of which 22 were accepted for publication in the present special issue of Acta Cybernetica. The full program of the conference, the collection of the abstracts and furtherinformation can be found at https://www.inf.u-szeged.hu/~cscs/. On the basis of our repeated positive experiences, the conference will be organized in the future, too. According to the present plans, the next meeting will be held around the end of June 2022 in Szeged.

ACS Style

Attila Kertész. Preface. Acta Cybernetica 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Attila Kertész. Preface. Acta Cybernetica. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Attila Kertész. 2021. "Preface." Acta Cybernetica , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 23 March 2021 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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In the past decade novel paradigms appeared in distributed systems, such as Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). Sensors and devices of IoT applications need big data to be stored, processed and analysed, and cloud systems offer suitable and scalable solutions for them. Recently fog nodes are utilized to provide data management functionalities closer to users with enhanced privacy and quality, giving birth to the creation of IoT-Fog-Cloud systems. Such infrastructures are so complex that they need simulators for planning, designing and analysis. Though cloud simulation already has a large number of literature, the simulation of fog systems is still evolving. In this paper we plan to take a step forward in this direction by investigating current fog simulation approaches and compare two of them providing the broadest fog modeling features. We also perform evaluations of executing IoT applications in hybrid, Fog-Cloud architectures to show possible advantages of different setups matching different IoT behaviour.

ACS Style

Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. Investigating IoT Application Behaviour in Simulated Fog Environments. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2021, 1399, 258 -276.

AMA Style

Andras Markus, Attila Kertesz. Investigating IoT Application Behaviour in Simulated Fog Environments. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2021; 1399 ():258-276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. 2021. "Investigating IoT Application Behaviour in Simulated Fog Environments." Communications in Computer and Information Science 1399, no. : 258-276.

Preprint content
Published: 06 November 2020
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A lot of hard work and years of research are still needed for developing successful Blockchain (BC) applications. Although it is not yet standardized, BC technology was proven as to be an enhancement factor for security, decentralization, and reliability, leading to be successfully implemented in cryptocurrency industries. Fog computing (FC) is one of the recently emerged paradigms that needs to be improved to serve Internet of Things (IoT) environments of the future. As hundreds of projects, ideas, and systems were proposed, one can find a great R\&D potential for integrating BC and FC technologies. Examples of organizations contributing to the R\&D of these two technologies, and their integration, include Linux, IBM, Google, Microsoft, and others. To validate an integrated Fog-Blockchain protocol or method implementation, before the deployment phase, a suitable and accurate simulation environment is needed. Such validation should save a great deal of costs and efforts on researchers and companies adopting this integration. Current available simulation environments facilitate Fog simulation, or BC simulation, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a Fog-Blockchain simulator, namely FoBSim, with the main goal is to ease the experimentation and validation of integrated Fog-Blockchain approaches. According to our proposed workflow of simulation, we implement different Consensus Algorithms (CA), different deployment options of the BC in the FC architecture, and different functionalities of the BC in the simulation. Furthermore, technical details and algorithms on the simulated integration are provided. We validate FoBSim by describing the technologies used within FoBSim, highlighting FoBSim novelty compared to the state-of-the-art, discussing the event validity in FoBSim, and providing a clear walk-through validation. Finally, we simulate two case studies, then present and analyze the obtained results.

ACS Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Hamza Baniata, Attila Kertesz. FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 06 November 2020
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A lot of hard work and years of research are still needed for developing successful Blockchain (BC) applications. Although it is not yet standardized, BC technology was proven as to be an enhancement factor for security, decentralization, and reliability, leading to be successfully implemented in cryptocurrency industries. Fog computing (FC) is one of the recently emerged paradigms that needs to be improved to serve Internet of Things (IoT) environments of the future. As hundreds of projects, ideas, and systems were proposed, one can find a great R\&D potential for integrating BC and FC technologies. Examples of organizations contributing to the R\&D of these two technologies, and their integration, include Linux, IBM, Google, Microsoft, and others. To validate an integrated Fog-Blockchain protocol or method implementation, before the deployment phase, a suitable and accurate simulation environment is needed. Such validation should save a great deal of costs and efforts on researchers and companies adopting this integration. Current available simulation environments facilitate Fog simulation, or BC simulation, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a Fog-Blockchain simulator, namely FoBSim, with the main goal is to ease the experimentation and validation of integrated Fog-Blockchain approaches. According to our proposed workflow of simulation, we implement different Consensus Algorithms (CA), different deployment options of the BC in the FC architecture, and different functionalities of the BC in the simulation. Furthermore, technical details and algorithms on the simulated integration are provided. We validate FoBSim by describing the technologies used within FoBSim, highlighting FoBSim novelty compared to the state-of-the-art, discussing the event validity in FoBSim, and providing a clear walk-through validation. Finally, we simulate two case studies, then present and analyze the obtained results.

ACS Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Hamza Baniata, Attila Kertesz. FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "FoBSim: An extensible open-source simulation tool for integrated Fog-Blockchain systems." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2020 in IEEE Access
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Nowadays billions of smart devices or things are present in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, such as homes, hospitals, factories, and vehicles, all around the world. As a result, the number of interconnected devices is continuously and rapidly growing. These devices communicate with each other and with other services using various communication protocols for the transportation of sensor or event data. These protocols enable applications to collect, store, process, describe, and analyze data to solve a variety of problems. IoT also aims to provide secure, bi-directional communication between interconnected devices, such as sensors, actuators, microcontrollers or smart appliances, and corresponding cloud services. In this paper we analyze the growth of M2M protocol research (MQTT, AMQP, and CoAP) over the past 20 years, and show how the growth in MQTT research stands out from the rest. We also gather relevant application areas of MQTT, as the most widespread M2M/IoT protocol, by performing a detailed literature search in major digital research archives. Our quantitative evaluation presents some of the important MQTT-related studies published in the past five years, which we compare to discuss the main features, advantages, and limitations of the MQTT protocol. We also propose a taxonomy to compare the properties and features of various MQTT implementations, i.e. brokers and libraries currently available in the public domain to help researchers and end-users to efficiently choose a broker or client library based on their requirements. Finally, we discuss the relevant findings of our comparison and highlight open issues that need further research and attention.

ACS Style

Biswajeeban Mishra; Attila Kertesz. The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoT Systems: A Survey. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 201071 -201086.

AMA Style

Biswajeeban Mishra, Attila Kertesz. The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoT Systems: A Survey. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):201071-201086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biswajeeban Mishra; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoT Systems: A Survey." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 201071-201086.

Conference paper
Published: 04 June 2020 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) have started to revolutionize traditional systems to be smart. Smart farming is an example of this process, that aims to respond to predictions and provisions of population growth by providing smart solutions in agriculture to improve productivity and reduce waste. Plant phenotyping is an important research field related to smart farming by providing means for complex monitoring of development and stress responses of plants. The current phenotyping platforms for greenhouses are very expensive limiting their widepread use. The recent advances in ICT technologies with the appearance of low cost sensors and computing solutions have led to affordable phenotyping solutions, which can be applied in standard greenhouse conditions. In this paper we propose a low cost plant phenotyping platform for small sized plants called the IoLT Smart Pot. It is capable of monitoring environmental parameters by sensors connected to a Raspberry Pi board of the smart pot. We developed an IoT-Cloud gateway for receiving, storing and visualizing the monitored environmental parameters sent by the pot devices. It is also able to perform image processing on the pictures of the plants to track plant growth. We have performed a detailed evaluation of our proposed platform by means of simulation, and exemplified real world utilization.

ACS Style

Tamás Pflanzner; Miklos Hovari; Imre Vass; Attila Kertesz. Designing an IoT-Cloud Gateway for the Internet of Living Things. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2020, 23 -41.

AMA Style

Tamás Pflanzner, Miklos Hovari, Imre Vass, Attila Kertesz. Designing an IoT-Cloud Gateway for the Internet of Living Things. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2020; ():23-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tamás Pflanzner; Miklos Hovari; Imre Vass; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "Designing an IoT-Cloud Gateway for the Internet of Living Things." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 23-41.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in IEEE Access
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Fog computing (FC) is the extension of Cloud Computing (CC), from the core of the internet architecture to the edge of the network, with the aim to perform processes closer to end-users. This extension is proven to enhance security, and to reduce latency and energy consumption. Blockchain (BC), on the other hand, is the base technology behind crypto-currencies, yet is implemented in wide range of different applications. The security and reliability, along with the distributed trust management criteria proposed in BC, excited the research community to integrate it with FC, in a step towards reaching a distributed and trusted, Data, Payment, Reputation, and Identity management systems. In this survey we present the upto- date state-of-the-art of FC-BC integration with a detailed literature review and classification. We discuss and categorize the related papers according to the year of publication, domain, used algorithms, BC roles, and the placement of the BC in the FC architecture. Our research presents detailed observations, analysis, and open challenges for the BC-FC integration. We believe such conclusions may clarify the vision of the BC-FC integration, and calibrate the compass towards open issues and future research directions.

ACS Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 102657 -102668.

AMA Style

Hamza Baniata, Attila Kertesz. A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):102657-102668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Baniata; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "A Survey on Blockchain-Fog Integration Approaches." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 102657-102668.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2020 in Sensors
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In the scope of evaluation methodologies for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, some approaches concern security, while others latency. However, some methodologies evaluate systems that contain active entities, so-called actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for evaluating such systems with actuator components using Graph Representation of the Angle of the Force and Time (GRAFT). GRAFT facilitates easy computation of the net force produced by physical or mechanical acts occurring on a daily basis on Earth. We use laws and definitions of physics describing the relations between Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT), apply them in a heliocentric system, and model the considered systems with a graph. The continuous movement of the Earth was shown to be weakening the total produced net force in some systems. We considered this weakening issue a problem, and we propose two possible solutions to overcome it by using restoration values, or reordering actuator sessions, in GRAFT to arrive to a more force-efficient system. We compared our default GRAFT algorithm to a special implementation using the Clock-Angle-Problem (CAP) for sessions. We also study and discuss an IoT-focused case for validating our approach, and we present a detailed explanation of the proposed GRAFT algorithm. The experimental results show the ability of GRAFT to provide highly accurate results, which also exemplifies that our GRAFT approach is programmable, hence deployable in real life scenarios.

ACS Style

Hamza Baniata; Ahmad Sharieh; Sami Mahmood; Attila Kertesz. GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production. Sensors 2020, 20, 1894 .

AMA Style

Hamza Baniata, Ahmad Sharieh, Sami Mahmood, Attila Kertesz. GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production. Sensors. 2020; 20 (7):1894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Baniata; Ahmad Sharieh; Sami Mahmood; Attila Kertesz. 2020. "GRAFT: A Model for Evaluating Actuator Systems in Terms of Force Production." Sensors 20, no. 7: 1894.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in IEEE Access
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Intelligent systems are wanting for cities to cope with limited spaces and resources across the world. As a result, smart cities emerged mainly as a result of highly innovative ICT industries and markets, and additionally, they have started to use novel solutions taking advantage of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data and cloud computing technologies to establish a profound connection between each component and layer of a city. Several key technologies congregate to build a working smart city considering human requirements. In this article, our main research question is to raise awareness on the current state of smart city concepts across the world by understanding the key future trends, including floating cities, by motivating researchers and scientists through new IoT technologies and applications. Therefore, we present a survey of smart city initiatives and analyze their key concepts and different data management techniques. We performed a detailed literature survey and review by applying a complex literature matrix including terms, like smart people, smart economy, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart living. We also discuss multiple perspectives of smart floating cities in detail. With the proposed approach, recent advances and practical future opportunities for smart cities can be revealed.

ACS Style

Ayca Kirimtat; Ondrej Krejcar; Attila Kertesz; M. Fatih Tasgetiren. Future Trends and Current State of Smart City Concepts: A Survey. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 86448 -86467.

AMA Style

Ayca Kirimtat, Ondrej Krejcar, Attila Kertesz, M. Fatih Tasgetiren. Future Trends and Current State of Smart City Concepts: A Survey. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):86448-86467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayca Kirimtat; Ondrej Krejcar; Attila Kertesz; M. Fatih Tasgetiren. 2020. "Future Trends and Current State of Smart City Concepts: A Survey." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 86448-86467.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2019 in Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory
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In the past ten years, the latest advances in Information and Communication Technology had a significant impact on distributed systems by giving birth to paradigms such as Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). The environments they created are closely coupled in most cases: IoT sensors and devices generate data that have to be stored, processed and analysed by cloud or fog services, depending on the actual application needs. These IoT-Fog-Cloud systems are very complex, and the use of simulations in their design, development and operational processes is inevitable. Nowadays, there are many simulator solutions available to model and analyse these systems depending our research needs, but in many cases it is hard to grasp their differences, and implementing certain scenarios in different tools is time consuming. The goal of this work is to help researchers and practitioners in this regard by proposing a survey and taxonomy of the available simulators modelling clouds, IoT and specifically fogs, which is the latest, currently still forming paradigm. The main contributions of this study are our novel viewpoints for classification including software quality, which is performed by analysing the source code of the considered simulators. We also propose comparison tables for three groups of simulators that reveal their differences and the way they model the elements of these systems. Finally, we discuss the relevant findings of our classifications, and highlight open issues that need further research.

ACS Style

Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. A survey and taxonomy of simulation environments modelling fog computing. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 2019, 101, 102042 .

AMA Style

Andras Markus, Attila Kertesz. A survey and taxonomy of simulation environments modelling fog computing. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2019; 101 ():102042.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. 2019. "A survey and taxonomy of simulation environments modelling fog computing." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 101, no. : 102042.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS)
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Several cloud providers have started to offer specific data management services by responding to the new trend called the Internet of Things (IoT). In recent years, we have already seen that cloud computing has managed to serve IoT needs for data retrieval, processing and visualization transparent for the user side. IoT-Cloud systems for smart cities and smart regions can be very complex, therefore their design and analysis should be supported by means of simulation. Nevertheless, the models used in simulation environments should be as close as to the real world utilization to provide reliable results. To facilitate such simulations, in earlier works we proposed an IoT trace archiving service called SUMMON that can be used to gather real world datasets, and to reuse them for simulation experiments. In this paper we provide an extension to SUMMON with an automated web crawling service that gathers IoT and sensor data from publicly available websites. We introduce the architecture and operation of this approach, and exemplify it utilization with three use cases. The provided archiving solution can be used by simulators to perform realistic evaluations.

ACS Style

Tamás Pflanzner; Zoltan Feher; Attila Kertesz. A Crawling Approach to Facilitate Open IoT Data Archiving and Reuse. 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS) 2019, 235 -242.

AMA Style

Tamás Pflanzner, Zoltan Feher, Attila Kertesz. A Crawling Approach to Facilitate Open IoT Data Archiving and Reuse. 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS). 2019; ():235-242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tamás Pflanzner; Zoltan Feher; Attila Kertesz. 2019. "A Crawling Approach to Facilitate Open IoT Data Archiving and Reuse." 2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS) , no. : 235-242.

Conference paper
Published: 10 August 2019 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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Cloud Computing has become the major candidate for commercial and academic compute infrastructures. Its virtualized solutions enable efficient, high-rate exploitation of computational and storage resources due to recent advances in data centre consolidation. Resources leased from these providers are offered under many pricing schemes which are often times influenced by the utilised consolidation techniques. In this paper, we provide a foundation to understand the inter-relationship of pricing and consolidation. This has a potential to reach additional gains for the providers from a new angle. To this end we discuss the introduction of a pricing oriented extension of the DISSECT-CF cloud simulator, and introduce a simple consolidation framework that allows easy experimentation with combined pricing and consolidation approaches. Using our generic extensions, we show several simple but easy to combine pricing strategies. Finally, we analyse the impact of consolidators on the profitability of providers applying our simple schemes with the help of real world workload traces.

ACS Style

Gabor Kecskemeti; Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. Towards Pricing-Aware Consolidation Methods for Cloud Datacenters. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2019, 152 -167.

AMA Style

Gabor Kecskemeti, Andras Markus, Attila Kertesz. Towards Pricing-Aware Consolidation Methods for Cloud Datacenters. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2019; ():152-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabor Kecskemeti; Andras Markus; Attila Kertesz. 2019. "Towards Pricing-Aware Consolidation Methods for Cloud Datacenters." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 152-167.

Chapter
Published: 24 July 2019 in Econometrics for Financial Applications
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Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is rapidly evolving, social network services and smart applications have started to dominate the world of the Internet spreading on interconnected smart devices. Cloud computing is a key enabler of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, while and Fog and Edge computing provide further methods for efficient data management. Beside such architectural enhancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions also spreading fast to provide smartness. The operation of such complex systems raises legal issues such as who owns or processes the data, who is liable in terms of security breach. In this chapter we aim to discuss the latest advances in ICT legislation in the European Union that affect these technology developments, as well as the service usage of end-users. First, we categorize IoT applications and summarize the EU GDPR guidelines affecting the design and operation of these applications. Then we present the results of a survey on legal awareness of potential users of these complex systems, discuss the relation of AI and the user consent, and conclude our work with recommendations for legal compliance of these applications.

ACS Style

Sz. Varadi; G. Gultekin Varkonyi; A. Kertesz. Legal Issues of Social IoT Services: The Effects of Using Clouds, Fogs and AI. Econometrics for Financial Applications 2019, 123 -138.

AMA Style

Sz. Varadi, G. Gultekin Varkonyi, A. Kertesz. Legal Issues of Social IoT Services: The Effects of Using Clouds, Fogs and AI. Econometrics for Financial Applications. 2019; ():123-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sz. Varadi; G. Gultekin Varkonyi; A. Kertesz. 2019. "Legal Issues of Social IoT Services: The Effects of Using Clouds, Fogs and AI." Econometrics for Financial Applications , no. : 123-138.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2019 in 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)
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Recent advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) are expanding the world of Internet services with smart applications running on interconnected smart devices. Cloud computing already started to dominate the Internet, and with the appearance of Internet of Things (IoT), and Fog and Edge computing IoT-Fog-Cloud systems are formed. Beside such architectural developments, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods receive new interests by managing Big Data coming from these complex, heterogeneous systems. In May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force in the European Union (EU) to strengthen users' influence on their personal data. Though the initiative of the regulation was known two years before, the 25th May, 2018 was a shock for many ICT actors. The privacy awareness of end-users of the Internet of Services is also wanting, and the emergence of new technologies in this field further complicates the identification of data protection responsibilities. In this paper summarize the GDPR novelties affecting the design and operation of IoT applications in fogs and clouds, we present the results of a recent survey on the GDPR awareness of international students on privacy issues related to the usage of IoT-Fog-Cloud systems and AI solutions. Based on the results of the survey, we also state our implications for safer utilization of these complex ICT systems in the future.

ACS Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi; Attila Kertesz; Sz. Varadi. Privacy-awareness of Users in our Cloudy Smart World. 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC) 2019, 189 -196.

AMA Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi, Attila Kertesz, Sz. Varadi. Privacy-awareness of Users in our Cloudy Smart World. 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC). 2019; ():189-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi; Attila Kertesz; Sz. Varadi. 2019. "Privacy-awareness of Users in our Cloudy Smart World." 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC) , no. : 189-196.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2019 in 2019 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP)
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The Internet of Things is the latest paradigm that encompasses the potential of connecting a physical object to the Internet, and then utilizes cloud services to collect, store and process data generated by these connected devices. In order to reduce the service latency of computations, processes, and storage at further situated Cloud nodes, the Fog paradigm was born, which brings data management closer to the end user or to the edge of the network of a provider. Fog nodes can not only be geographically distributed, but also more dynamic in nature than cloud nodes, therefore it is even more difficult to ensure data protection. The operation of such complex systems, thus, raises legal issues such as who owns or processes the data, who is liable in terms of a possible security breach. In this paper we aim to discuss the latest advances of corresponding legislation in the European Union and in the United States of America that affect these technology developments. First, we investigate IoT and Fog characteristics and identify different use cases of loT-Fog-Cloud environments that will be then used to discuss possible legal issues. We conclude the paper with role mappings for the identified cases, and by proposing recommendations on how to govern data management in these complex systems to ensure data protection as mandated by current legislations across these two regions. Our investigations imply that as we broaden the scope and complexity of the managed systems, the user control of the sensed private data weakens, and the responsibility of data protection are shifting towards fog, cloud and service providers.

ACS Style

R. Garg; Sz. Varadi; Attila Kertesz. Legal Considerations of IoT Applications in Fog and Cloud Environments. 2019 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP) 2019, 193 -198.

AMA Style

R. Garg, Sz. Varadi, Attila Kertesz. Legal Considerations of IoT Applications in Fog and Cloud Environments. 2019 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). 2019; ():193-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Garg; Sz. Varadi; Attila Kertesz. 2019. "Legal Considerations of IoT Applications in Fog and Cloud Environments." 2019 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP) , no. : 193-198.

Book chapter
Published: 11 January 2019 in Fog and Edge Computing
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Data protection by design aims to reduce possible privacy harms that fog applications may cause by combining it with the data protection impact assessment (DPIA) and the data protection enhancing technologies. This chapter classifies fog/edge/Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) applications, analyzes the latest restrictions introduced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and discusses how these legal constraints affect the design and operation of IoT applications in fog and cloud environments. The GDPR introduces the data subject's right to data portability. It provides the right to obtain from the controller those data in a structured and commonly used electronic format. Secured systems combining with the data processing principles consists of privacy by default or, with the GDPR words, data protection by default (DPbD). Basically, DPbD is related to the data minimization principle and orders to the data controller to collect the minimum possible personal data during the services.

ACS Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi; Sz. Varadi; Attila Kertesz. Legal Aspects of Operating IoT Applications in the Fog. Fog and Edge Computing 2019, 411 -432.

AMA Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi, Sz. Varadi, Attila Kertesz. Legal Aspects of Operating IoT Applications in the Fog. Fog and Edge Computing. 2019; ():411-432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Gultekin Varkonyi; Sz. Varadi; Attila Kertesz. 2019. "Legal Aspects of Operating IoT Applications in the Fog." Fog and Edge Computing , no. : 411-432.

Article
Published: 25 October 2018 in Journal of Grid Computing
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest trend of the current ICT evolution, represented by a huge amount of powerful smart devices that have started to appear on the Internet. By responding to this new trend, many cloud providers have started to offer services for IoT management. Recent advances have already shown that cloud computing can be used to serve IoT needs by performing data generation, processing and visualization tasks. In this currently forming ecosystem, IoT system developers need to purchase, connect and configure these devices, and they also have to choose the right infrastructure provider offering the combination of protocols and data structures fitting their applications. In this paper, we propose a complex, semi-simulation environment that aims to provide a solution for these IoT challenges. Our main contribution is the the design of an Android-based, mobile IoT device simulator called MobIoTSim. We also propose a customizable cloud gateway to manage these devices by receiving, processing and visualizing sensor data coming from MobIoTSim. To be as close as possible to real world application, we created an IoT trace archive service called SUMMON, which can be used to gather real-world sensor data, which can be used by MobIoTSim. Finally, we demonstrate how to create IoT applications utilizing numerous IoT devices with this environment, and evaluate the device management scalability and responsiveness of its components.

ACS Style

A. Kertesz; Tamás Pflanzner; T. Gyimothy. A Mobile IoT Device Simulator for IoT-Fog-Cloud Systems. Journal of Grid Computing 2018, 17, 529 -551.

AMA Style

A. Kertesz, Tamás Pflanzner, T. Gyimothy. A Mobile IoT Device Simulator for IoT-Fog-Cloud Systems. Journal of Grid Computing. 2018; 17 (3):529-551.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Kertesz; Tamás Pflanzner; T. Gyimothy. 2018. "A Mobile IoT Device Simulator for IoT-Fog-Cloud Systems." Journal of Grid Computing 17, no. 3: 529-551.

Article
Published: 16 October 2018 in Cluster Computing
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Infrastructure as a service clouds hide the complexity of maintaining the physical infrastructure with a slight disadvantage: they also hide their internal working details. Should users need knowledge about these details e.g., to increase the reliability or performance of their applications, they would need solutions to detect behavioural changes in the underlying system. Existing runtime solutions for such purposes offer limited capabilities as they are mostly restricted to revealing weekly or yearly behavioural periodicity in the infrastructure. This article proposes a technique for predicting generic background workload by means of simulations that are capable of providing additional knowledge of the underlying private cloud systems in order to support activities like cloud orchestration or workflow enactment. Our technique uses long-running scientific workflows and their behaviour discrepancies and tries to replicate these in a simulated cloud with known (trace-based) workloads. We argue that the better we can mimic the current discrepancies the better we can tell expected workloads in the near future on the real life cloud. We evaluated the proposed prediction approach with a biochemical application on both real and simulated cloud infrastructures. The proposed algorithm has shown to produce significantly (\(\sim\) 20%) better workload predictions for the future of simulated clouds than random workload selection.

ACS Style

Gabor Kecskemeti; Zsolt Nemeth; Attila Kertesz; Rajiv Ranjan. Cloud workload prediction based on workflow execution time discrepancies. Cluster Computing 2018, 22, 737 -755.

AMA Style

Gabor Kecskemeti, Zsolt Nemeth, Attila Kertesz, Rajiv Ranjan. Cloud workload prediction based on workflow execution time discrepancies. Cluster Computing. 2018; 22 (3):737-755.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabor Kecskemeti; Zsolt Nemeth; Attila Kertesz; Rajiv Ranjan. 2018. "Cloud workload prediction based on workflow execution time discrepancies." Cluster Computing 22, no. 3: 737-755.