There are limited studies on the prevalence and incidence of clinically diagnosed hypertrophic myocardiopathy (HCM) and its mortality in the Chinese population, and the projected population burden of HCM over the next decades. We collected data on HCM and its mortality from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center (BMHCIC) database and estimated the prevalence and incidence based on the whole Beijing population. Calculation of population trends was performed using annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Finally, future HCM incidence was built by modelling projection of HCM to the next decades using Poisson regression analysis and Gray Model 1,1(GM [1,1]). The prevalence of HCM was 0.0069% (95%CI, 0.0065–0.0072%; N = 1343) in 2010, rising to 0.076% (95% CI, 0.074–0.077%; N = 16,616) in 2019, and the incidence of HCM was 6.85 per 100 000 person-year in 2010, rising to 11.76 per 100 000 person-year in 2019. Males had higher prevalence and incidence of HCM than females. The APPC for the rising incidence of HCM was 5.8% and the expected numbers will double increase in 2029 by assuming the same increase trend as the last decades. HCM had increased annual incidence of HF (APPC: 8.4, 4.4–12.6, p < 0.05), and relatively stable annual incidence of mortality (APPC: 1.2%, − 2.3% to 4.8%, p > 0.05) during the studied period. Males had lower mortality (2.70% vs. 4.20%, p < 0.001) than females. The calculated HCM prevalence was much lower compared to prior screening studies from 2004, although the predicted HCM incidence would double over the next decades. HCM was associated with a stable risk of mortality during the studied period.

Background: Left atrial thrombus (LAT) often complicates with atrial fibrillation (AF). The evidence whether fibrin D-dimer levels could be used as a predictive biomarker for LAT is contradictory. This study firstly investigated the relationship between ‘normal range’ D-dimer and prevalent LAT. Second, we explored factors contributing to normal D-dimer levels in the presence of LAT. Methods: We studied 244 AF patients with LAT (mean age: 59.9 years, SD:11.7; 53.3% female): of these, 103 (42.2%) had normal D-dimer, 25 (10.2%) had atrial thrombus exclusion score (ATE score) of 0 19 (16.7%) males had CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 0, 21(16.2%) females had CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 1 and 16 had overlapped ATE score of 0 and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 0 (N = 8 if male) or CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 1(N = 8 if female). Using multivariate binary analysis, larger left atrial diameter (LAD; adjusted OR: 1.06, 1.03−1.10, p = 0.001) were associated with increased D-dimer. Patients with high body mass index (BMI), hypertension history and previous anticoagulation were more likely to show normal range D-dimer levels in the presence of LAT. Conclusions: A high prevalence (42.2%) of ‘normal range’ D-dimer levels was found in AF patients with LAT, especially in those with hypertension, high BMI and prior anticoagulation. D-dimer levels of those patients with larger LAD were more likely to be increased.

Background: Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC) is a common cause of ventricular arrhythmias and mortality, but limited data are available from large Asian cohorts. Our aim was to explore the current status of AVC and second, we examined the prevalence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), heart failure (HF) and mortality in patients with AVC in the Chinese population.Hypothesis: At present, some studies have reported that the incidence of AVC is on the rise, which may be due to the increasing number of diagnostic methods for AVC. However, there is no epidemiological data on AVC in the Chinese population, so we speculate that the incidence of AVC in the Chinese population is increasing.Methods and Results: We studied 15 888 adults from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center (BMHCIC) registry database in China from January 2010 to December 2020, and calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Second, we determined the incidence of VT, HF and mortality in patients with AVC. Of the 10 318 men and 5570 women who were screened by cardiac magnetic resonance or examined by myocardial biopsy, there were a total of 256 newly diagnosed AVC patients (mean [SD]: 37.54[17.10]; 39.45% female). The incidence of AVC increased from 7.60 (3.12‐12.06) in 2010 to 19.62 (11.51‐27.75) per 1000 person‐years in 2020. Males had higher incidence of AVC than females. The AAPC for the rising incidence of AVC was 8.9 %. Males had similar VT prevalence (70.32% vs. 62.38%, p = 0.19) and mortality (1.94% vs. 1.98%, p = 0.98) but lower HF prevalence (42.58% vs. 60.40%, p = 0.006), when compared to females. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was more likely to be performed in males (p = 0.006).Conclusions: The rising trend in AVC incidence was evident, with two‐fold increase by 2020. Males with AVC had similar VT prevalence and mortality rate, but HF prevalence were lower than females, perhaps impacted by RFA use.

Background: A modified Morrow septal myectomy (MMSM) is one of the main treatment methods for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM). Our aim was to study the impact of MMSM on the risk of AF and stroke in OHCM patients. Methods and Results: From 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020, 6426 patients with obstructive HCM (OHCM) were selected from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center (BMHCIC) datasets (mean age: 54.3 years; 43.8% female). After propensity score matching, 3780 patients were selected, including 1890 who received MMSM (Group 1) and 1890 who did not receive any surgery (Group 2). During a median of 0.8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.1, 2.7) years of follow-up after discharge from the hospital, stroke risk was lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (aHR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.6, p < 0.001), and the results were further confirmed by Kaplan–Meier analyses (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of AF (aHR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.7–1.5, p = 0.991). The risk of AF decreased in the first 6 years since receiving MMSM and then sharply increased beyond 6 years after MMSM according to Kaplan–Meier analyses. Conclusions: MMSM is associated with a decreased risk of stroke in OHCM patients. The risk of AF decreased in the first 6 years since receiving MMSM and then sharply increased beyond 6 years after MMSM.