Based on a fixed-point survey of spontaneous space in the Tanhualin area of Wuhan, China, spontaneous space samples were obtained. The spatial typology method was used to summarize and compare the morphological and functional characteristics of the samples, and the space was divided into 10 types and seven functions. Through quantitative statistical analysis of the relationship between different spontaneous space forms and their spatial functions, it was found that residents’ behavior in daily life has a significant effect on spontaneous space renewal and district renewal. Based on the study of the spontaneous space of the Tanhualin historical–cultural district, this study determined the status quo of the space renewal and development of the district and put forward corresponding protection and renewal strategies. Finally, it provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable renewal and coordinated development of historical–cultural districts.