Watershed management practices (WMP) are widely used in catchments as a measure to reduce soil erosion and sediment-related problems. We used a paired catchment in the Gonbad region of Hamadan province, Iran, to evaluate sediment yield response to watershed management practices (WMP) by employing the concept of sediment connectivity (SC). To do this, the SC index as a representation of sediment yield was firstly simulated for the control catchment that there is no WMP. In the next step, the SC index was simulated for impacted catchment, including some WMP, i.e., seeding, pit-seeding, and exclosure. After assessing the accuracy of the produced SC maps using filed observations and erosion plots, the SC maps using quantile-quantile plot (Q-Q plot) were compared to achieve the role of WMP in reducing the rate of sediment yield. The Q-Q plot showed that there is a strong similarity between the SC of catchments, it can be concluded that the WMP has no significant impact on the reducing rate of the sediment yield in this study.

Data accessibility and the ability to evaluate data and solve hydrological, water and soil problems is considered as a fundamental limitation in the country and has been examined as a challenge in this research. In the first part of this research, the modeling of Taleghan watershed in SWAT and GIS software has been discussed, and according to the dynamics of the sub-basins, they have been investigated separately and in the form of dynamic communication. major parameters such as sedimentation, erosion, soil moisture, the type of formation and soil of the region, as well as the hydrological response of the soil, etc. have been modeled and evaluated. Before calibrating, the basin's balance and, in addition to that, formations, soil, and the influence of soil moisture and Curve number have been investigated. After hydrological cycle investigations, calibration has been done in the form of algorithm SUFI2. The precise delineation of the basin and sub-basin made it possible to show the desired and conceptual communication model with high precision in the integration communication. The erosion potential of the basin was investigated in detail and its integrated map was extracted and descriptive scenarios were proposed for it. The final part of this research focuses on the integration after the calibration of the area where the influence of sensitive parameters was determined and the integration of runoff, erosion and sedimentation, soil moisture, etc. was done. Therefore, the developed model of this research can be used as a practical and promotional model to predict productivity and integration in other susceptible areas with similar climatic characters.

According to population growth and consequently students growth and on the other hand lack of educational spaces, imbalance in supply (students) and demand (educational centers), it causes high population density of students in classrooms, beyond standards. In addition, imbalanced population density causes accessibility problems to these centers and also spending a lot of students’ time and money. The mentioned problems are due to weaknesses in the construction of schools in appropriate locations. Lots of urban dilemmas such as traffic, pollution, Social and cultural issues and security can reduce by choosing appropriate location for construction of schools. There are different methods for determining the appropriate locations for the construction of schools, among which the most important is the hierarchical process analysis method. In this study, using Fuzzy logic in the geographical information system (GIS), space Distribution and Location of deployment and Functional radius of the elementary schools in the Qazvin city have investigated and also in the network analysis method, areas out of schools coverage have been specified. Then, using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, layers, criteria and also effective sub-criteria in choosing location of elementary schools, weighted and combined each other and appropriate and inappropriate locations for construction of elementary schools, especially in areas that placed out of schools coverage, have obtained. Results show that the elementary schools of the Qazvin city aren’t enough for covering all of the total area, and some of the northern, eastern and western neighborhoods despite having the necessary student density, are deprived of having elementary school and also are out of the coverage of existing schools.