Although previous research frequently indicates that climate factors impact dengue transmission, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis highlights and address the complex global health problems towards the human-environment interface and the inter-relationship between these variables. For this purpose, four online electronic databases were searched to conduct a systematic assessment of published studies reporting the association between dengue cases and climate between 2010 and 2022. The meta-analysis was conducted using random effects to assess correlation, publication bias and heterogeneity. The final assessment included eight studies for both systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of four meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation of dengue cases with climate variables, namely precipitation, temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity. The highest correlation is observed for precipitation between 83 mm and 15 mm (r = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.45), relative humidity between 60.5% and 88.7% (r = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.37), minimum temperature between 6.5 °C and 21.4 °C (r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.48) and mean temperature between 21.0 °C and 29.8 °C (r = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.1, 0.24). Thus, the influence of climate variables on the magnitude of dengue cases in terms of their distribution, frequency, and prevailing variables was established and conceptualised. The results of this meta-analysis enable multidisciplinary collaboration to improve dengue surveillance, epidemiology, and prevention programmes.

Streets and physical layouts can be inherent in a sustainable city by emphasizing the use of space with planned strategies by promoting the movement of people and social behaviors for enhancing an economic structure. An analysis of the space layout is beneficial for defining the urban areas that can affect street behavior. A GIS incorporated with a space syntax can help to propagate the effectiveness of a spatial analysis in a study on urban spaces. The integration of the computational pieces of both a GIS analytical tool and space syntax parameters will stimulate research oriented urban systems and spatial morphologies combined with a spatial database. However, the development of livability can be affected by a set of parameters that define the used space. Thus, this paper was aimed at examining the space syntax parameters for space visualization to evaluate street behavior using the GIS processing and space syntax methods. In this study, a spatial analysis was used to generate spatial information on traffic volume, while a space syntax was used to test the street behavior. Also, a predictive analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between traffic behavior and a set of parameters. The results showed that integration and direct visibility were significant to the traffic volume. Most of the streets that were linked to the commercial area showed high integration and direct visibility, which increased by more than half, compared with the unlinked areas. Based on the statistical analysis, both parameters recorded aprobability of less than 5%. The results showed that any space designed with a continuous, direct and clear traffic volume will lead to increased integration and direct visibility, thus influencing a natural vehicle movement.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology now become a new trend for the home builders and buyers of the twentieth century, in order to have not only good in structure, but also more environmentally friendly. Understanding the rooftop PV potential is important for planning, accommodate grid capacity, and many more, this paper demonstrate the technique utilizing the LiDAR data merge with the Geographical Information System to determine the suitable location to locate the PV solar panels. There are five criteria that had been used to select the best location which is generate the ground mask, aspect mask, slope mask, human mask and high radiation layer. Based on the output of the suitable location, the estimating number of solar panel can be generate based on the calculation of one-and half square area meter was used as a required area for each solar panel. This new understanding of roof area distribution and potential PV outputs will guide energy policy formulation in Georgetown area and will inform future research in solar PV deployment and its geographical potential.