The use of mixed mineral fertilizers consisting of macro- and micronutrients, which are already routinely used for leaf fertilization, in the treatment of corn and soybean seeds would positively influence germination and vigor, consequently improving growth and seedling development. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological potential of corn and soybean seeds treated with mixed mineral fertilizers. The seed treatment efficiency test with mixed mineral fertilizers was conducted at the Federal University of Jataí—UFJ—using Vital^®, Lança^®, Ídolo^®, Massivo^®, and their combinations. The treatments consisted of two controls for soybean and three for corn. Analysis of variance was performed using the F-test (p ≤ 0.05), and when there was significance, the means were compared using the Scott–Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The mixed mineral fertilizers Vital^® + Massivo^® (T6), Lança^® + Ídolo^® (T7), and Vital^® + Lança^® + Ídolo^® (T10) used in the seed treatment benefit the development of soybean (NS7667 IPRO) seeds. The treatments for corn (MG744 PWU) had little effect on germination and seedling development. The use of mixed mineral fertilizers in the seed treatments did not affect the physiological potential of the soybean and corn seeds, keeping the lots with germination values within commercialization standards.

Water stress reduces germination and seedling emergence by compromising the metabolic activity of seeds. Associated with this, extreme thermal events have intensified, and temperatures above 30 °C can significantly reduce maize yield. In this scenario, the selection of tolerant genotypes is essential. This study evaluated the germination potential of 22 maize genotypes, including open-pollinated genotypes and commercial varieties. Seeds were characterized by moisture content, thousand-seed weight, germination, and emergence in the field. Subsequently, they were subjected to thermal stress of 5, 15, 25, 35, and 40 °C, through the adapted standard germination test. For water stress, the seeds were subjected to different water retention capacities (15, 30, 60, and 100%). The results indicated relevant genetic variation among the genotypes. For thermal stress, there was no germination at extreme temperatures (5 and 40 °C), while at 15 °C, there were significant differences between genotypes. At 35 °C, there was a reduction in vigor and an increase in abnormalities. Open-pollinated genotypes showed superior physiological performance under stress conditions. For water stress, at 15% there was low performance; at 30%, initial improvement; at 60%, ideal conditions with greater vigor; and at 100%, maintenance of performance, with little significant gains. Maize genotypes showed tolerance to water stress between 15% and 100% of the water retention capacity, with normal germination and seedling formation. Materials 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 showed greater tolerance to water restriction, while 2, 10, 14, 18, and 22 had better performance in more humid environments. Materials 7, 9, and 10 stood out for their greater vigor and germination. Regarding thermal stress, germination occurred between 15 °C and 35 °C, even outside the ideal range. Material 3 (AS1598) showed higher thermal tolerance, with better physiological performance, higher germination, and higher vigor.