An ultra-compact concentric catadioptric imaging spectrometer with large relative aperture and long slit is proposed. It consists of three optical components integrated monolithically in a concentric layout. Its astigmatism theory is discussed through tracing its chief ray and its athermalization is realized by optimizing lens materials. A high-speed (F/2.25) long-slit (48mm) VNIR design with high imaging quality and small distortions is presented. Results show a 10× reduction in volume than classic designs based on Offner-Chrisp configuration and a 1.9× reduction in length than Dyson configuration. Moreover, the design shows superior thermal adaptability with negligible decline in imaging quality while operating temperature changes between −30 ℃ and 70 ℃.

To improve the swath width and quantitative accuracy of hyperspectral payloads on a geostationary orbit, a long-slit polarization-insensitive imaging spectrometer is designed and demonstrated in this paper. For the wide swath, several long-slit spectrometers with the same specification have been designed and compared. The result shows that the Wynne-Offner spectrometer has advantages in increasing slit length and reducing volume, and it is suitable for being spliced for ultra-wide swath. To solve the problem of inaccurate radiation measuring caused by the polarization of imaging spectrometers, the requirement for linear polarization sensitivity (LPS) is theoretically analyzed and assessed. As diffraction grating is the main polarization-sensitive element in an imaging spectrometer, we propose to increase the apical angle of the grating groove to reduce its LPS and compensate its residual polarization by specially polarized optical films coated on lens surfaces, thus the polarization-insensitive system is achieved. At last, a VNIR spectrometer with superior spatial and spectral performance is developed, and its slit is 61.44 mm long. The maximum LPS of this system is reduced from 10.0% to 2.3% (test 2.5%) after the depolarization design, which greatly reduces the uncertainty of the measuring radiation caused by polarization. The developed imaging spectrometer can play a role in quantitative hyperspectral remote sensing, especially in wide-swath applications on geostationary orbit.

The optical system of an imaging spectrometer working on a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) covering a full optical spectrum of 0.3–12.5 μm is analyzed and designed. It enables a ground coverage of 400 × 400 km by internal scanning and achieves a high spatial resolution of 25 m. The full spectrum is divided into five sub-bands, and each band adopts four spectrometers to splice in the field of view to achieve the ultra-long slit required by the wide swath. The total length of the slit is up to 241.3 mm. This paper focuses on compact spectrometers with long slits that can meet the splicing requirements and points out that low spectral distortions, low stray light, high signal-to-noise ratio, and uniform spectral response are necessary for high-fidelity performance. The Offner and Wynne–Offner high-fidelity spectrometers based on convex blazed gratings are designed, and prototypes of each band are developed as well. The properties of long slits and convex blazed gratings are presented. The maximum length of a single slit is 61.44 mm. The groove density of gratings for five bands ranges from 8.8 lp/mm to 312.1 lp/mm, and the peak efficiency is up to 86.4%. The alignment and test of the spectrometers are introduced. Results show that the developed spectrometers have high fidelity and fulfill all requirements.

Polarization aberration of optical systems in imaging polarimetry affects the polarization detection accuracy, especially in wide field of view and large relative aperture systems. The polarization aberration of the imaging lens in imaging polarimetry is demonstrated and analyzed through the way of polarization ray tracing. The impact of polarization aberration on the polarization detection accuracy of imaging polarimetry is also discussed. The variation of Stokes parameters as functions of the field of view and the relative aperture is achieved. The polarization aberration can be reduced and calibrated at different field of view and the relative aperture of the optical systems, and the correct polarization information of the object can be derived.

This study addresses the critical challenge of detecting ultrafine particles with diameters as small as 0.1 μm in high-sensitivity optical particle counters (OPCs), which is of great importance for semiconductor manufacturing and environmental monitoring. Based on Mie scattering theory, a physical scattering model is established, and a novel orthogonal light-collection system integrating a spherical mirror and a collection lens is optimized. Simulation results indicate that, when targeting the 0.1 μm particle channel using a 405 nm diode laser and a wide collection angular range of 30°–150°, the proposed configuration enhances the scattering-light collection efficiency by at least 17.8% compared with conventional structures. This design markedly improves the acquisition capability for weak scattering signals and provides important theoretical and technical support for the development of high-sensitivity OPCs.

The predecessor of China Optics was China Optics and Applied Optics Digest, which was founded in 1985. At that time, it was the only retrieval journal in the field of optics in China. At the end of 2008, China Optics and Applied Optics Digest was renamed 《中国光学》的前身是1985年创办的《中国光学与应用光学文摘》，当时是国内光学领域唯一的检索刊物。2008年底《中国光学与应用光学文摘》转型更名为《中国光学与应用光学》期刊，刊载内容突破了文摘的限制，正式成为学术刊物。