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Peter Josef Stauvermann
Department of Global Business and Economics, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Journal of Risk and Financial Management
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In this paper, we investigate if an increasing competition in an oligopolistic market will enhance the real incomes and consumer surplus in the long run. For this purpose, we apply a two-sector overlapping generation model in which members of the young generation own the oligopolistic firms. We show that increasing competition in the oligopolistic market leads to ambiguous outcomes regarding the real income and consumer surplus in the long run. However, we show that the distribution of income will become fairer if the competition increases, but it is possible that the price for a fairer distribution is a lower income for all members of the economy.

ACS Style

Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann. Revisited: Monopoly and Long-Run Capital Accumulation in Two-Sector Overlapping Generation Model. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2021, 14, 304 .

AMA Style

Ronald Kumar, Peter Stauvermann. Revisited: Monopoly and Long-Run Capital Accumulation in Two-Sector Overlapping Generation Model. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2021; 14 (7):304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann. 2021. "Revisited: Monopoly and Long-Run Capital Accumulation in Two-Sector Overlapping Generation Model." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7: 304.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Economies
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In this paper, we theoretically analyze the effects of three types of land taxes on economic growth using an overlapping generation model in which land can be used for production or consumption (housing) purposes. Based on the analyses in which land is used as a factor of production, we can confirm that the taxation of land will lead to an increase in the growth rate of the economy. Particularly, we show that the introduction of a tax on land rents, a tax on the value of land or a stamp duty will cause the net price of land to decline. Further, we show that the nationalization of land and the redistribution of the land rents to the young generation will maximize the growth rate of the economy.

ACS Style

Shulu Che; Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann. Taxation of Land and Economic Growth. Economies 2021, 9, 61 .

AMA Style

Shulu Che, Ronald Kumar, Peter Stauvermann. Taxation of Land and Economic Growth. Economies. 2021; 9 (2):61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shulu Che; Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann. 2021. "Taxation of Land and Economic Growth." Economies 9, no. 2: 61.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Journal of Risk and Financial Management
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The yield curve is an important tool to assess the economic progress of a country. In this study, we examine the strength of the relationship between term spread and economic activity, and between the components of the yield curve and economic activity in the G7 countries using monthly data on yield rates and seasonally adjusted data on the industrial production index (IPI). After matching the start and end date of the IPI with the yield rates, the data used and respective time period are as follows: Canada: Mar-1994 to Dec-2018, France: Jan-1999 to Dec-2018, Germany: Oct-2005 to Dec-2018, Italy: Jul-2009 to Dec-2018, Japan: Jul-1994 to Jan–2019, the UK: Jan-1994 to Dec-2018, and the US: Feb-1990 to Jan-2019. The results show positive associations between term spread and economic activity for Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US. For Italy, a negative association is noted. All three empirical factors could predict economic activity for France and Germany at the 12-month horizon only. For all other horizons, the factors’ ability to predict economic activity varies. We observe that by including additional macro-finance variables such as the current economic growth rate and the 3-month yield rate to capture the term structure level effects, the relationship between term spread and economic activity becomes stronger. This implies that the usefulness of yield curve and its decomposed components for the purpose of predicting economic activity should be cautiously modelled and employed for policy.

ACS Style

Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann; Hang Vu. The Relationship between Yield Curve and Economic Activity: An Analysis of G7 Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2021, 14, 62 .

AMA Style

Ronald Kumar, Peter Stauvermann, Hang Vu. The Relationship between Yield Curve and Economic Activity: An Analysis of G7 Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2021; 14 (2):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Kumar; Peter Stauvermann; Hang Vu. 2021. "The Relationship between Yield Curve and Economic Activity: An Analysis of G7 Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2: 62.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Journal of Risk and Financial Management
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We analyze the effect of fisheries subsidy negotiations on financial markets and aggregate demand in developed and developing countries. We examine the plausible scenarios that are likely to emerge in the event of elimination or reduction of subsidies, and the subsequent effect on the financial markets and the fish production. We use the Keynesian macroeconomic static framework, which is based on an extended well-known investment-savings (IS) and liquidity preference–money supply (LM) model for analysis. Our analysis shows that the impact of a reduction in fisheries subsidies would reduce the exploitation of fish and marine resources in developing countries, thus leading to a general increase in fish prices and quantity stabilizing at lower levels. We also find that this effect would transfer to financial markets, leading to a decline in interest rates for fish exporting developing countries, but interest rates tend to stabilize at higher levels for fish importing developed countries.

ACS Style

Radika Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Pallavi Arora. Effect of Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations on Fish Production and Interest Rate. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2020, 13, 297 .

AMA Style

Radika Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Pallavi Arora. Effect of Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations on Fish Production and Interest Rate. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2020; 13 (12):297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Radika Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Pallavi Arora. 2020. "Effect of Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations on Fish Production and Interest Rate." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 12: 297.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2020 in Sustainability
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To realize economic and social sustainability, it is necessary to avoid economic injustice and therefore too unequal a distribution of income and wealth. In this paper we investigate the extent to which oligopolies contribute to an unequal income distribution, and the consequences of enforcing more market competition. For this purpose, an overlapping generation growth model is developed with imperfect competition to derive the influence of market concentration on economic growth and the distribution of income. We investigate the influence of market concentration on the inter- and intra-generational distribution of income and economic growth. We show that political lobbying and corruption are important reasons for missing competition in markets. While an increasing market concentration leads to a more unequal intra-generational distribution and to a redistribution of income from the old to the young generation, the impact on economic growth is in general ambiguous, and specifically depends on the cost of lobbying.

ACS Style

Ronald R. Kumar; Peter J. Stauvermann. Economic and Social Sustainability: The Influence of Oligopolies on Inequality and Growth. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9378 .

AMA Style

Ronald R. Kumar, Peter J. Stauvermann. Economic and Social Sustainability: The Influence of Oligopolies on Inequality and Growth. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald R. Kumar; Peter J. Stauvermann. 2020. "Economic and Social Sustainability: The Influence of Oligopolies on Inequality and Growth." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9378.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Economies
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The aim of the paper is to investigate how child allowances affect population growth and pension benefits of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems in small open and closed economies. We apply an overlapping-generations (OLG) model in its canonical form, where we consider endogenous fertility and growth generated by human capital accumulation. From the analysis, we conclude that in a small open economy, child allowances increase the number of children, yet decrease pension benefits over the long run. If we consider a closed economy, the effect of child allowances on fertility is ambiguous and remains negative on pension benefits over the long run.

ACS Style

Peter J. Stauvermann; Frank Wernitz. Why Child Allowances Fail to Solve the Pension Problem of Aging Societies. Economies 2019, 7, 117 .

AMA Style

Peter J. Stauvermann, Frank Wernitz. Why Child Allowances Fail to Solve the Pension Problem of Aging Societies. Economies. 2019; 7 (4):117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter J. Stauvermann; Frank Wernitz. 2019. "Why Child Allowances Fail to Solve the Pension Problem of Aging Societies." Economies 7, no. 4: 117.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2019 in Applied Economics
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ACS Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Arvind Patel; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad; Peter Josef Stauvermann. Modelling inbound international tourism demand in small Pacific Island countries. Applied Economics 2019, 52, 1031 -1047.

AMA Style

Nikeel Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Arvind Patel, Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, Peter Josef Stauvermann. Modelling inbound international tourism demand in small Pacific Island countries. Applied Economics. 2019; 52 (10):1031-1047.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Arvind Patel; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad; Peter Josef Stauvermann. 2019. "Modelling inbound international tourism demand in small Pacific Island countries." Applied Economics 52, no. 10: 1031-1047.

Research article
Published: 02 July 2019 in Tourism Economics
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We examine whether tourism sector development measured by visitor arrivals per capita has asymmetric growth effects in the Cook Islands using quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2016Q3. Asymmetric cointegration, long-run elasticities, and dynamic multipliers are estimated using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model developed by Shin et al. Asymmetric causality testing is done using the asymmetric vector autoregression approach with insights from Hatemi-J. We identify structural breaks using the Lee and Strazicich multiple endogenous structural break unit root test. The results indicate that a 1% increase in visitor arrivals would increase gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by 0.92%, whereas a 1% decrease in visitor arrivals would decrease GDP per capita by 0.34%. The identified breaks, 2013Q2 and 2015Q3, are positive and significant in the short run only. The causality result confirms a bidirectional association, thus mutually reinforcing the asymmetric relationship between visitor arrivals and economic growth.

ACS Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Radika Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann. Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests. Tourism Economics 2019, 26, 658 -681.

AMA Style

Nikeel Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Radika Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann. Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests. Tourism Economics. 2019; 26 (4):658-681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Radika Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann. 2019. "Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests." Tourism Economics 26, no. 4: 658-681.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Growing population, greenhouse gas emissions, and the pressure to improve economic growth are conflicting and controversial issues at the core of political economy. In this paper, using a theoretical model, we show that by shifting relative costs of child-rearing and costs for education, we can achieve a slowdown in population growth and greenhouse emissions, and an enhancement of economic growth. These goals are based on two fundamental considerations—the quantity–quality tradeoff with respect to the choice of the number, and the educational level of children. An analysis is presented using a standard overlapping generation (OLG) framework that is extended with human capital, endogenous fertility, and changing life expectancy. The environmental impact of economic activities is modeled using a modified IPAT framework. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the level of carbon emissions of the whole economy and to generate a Pareto improvement. Subsequently, an economic strategy is presented that is costless, has various advantages, and particularly useful for countries experiencing high fertility rate that are not sustainable.

ACS Style

Ronald R. Kumar; Peter J. Stauvermann. The Effects of a Revenue-Neutral Child Subsidy Tax Mechanism on Growth and GHG Emissions. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2585 .

AMA Style

Ronald R. Kumar, Peter J. Stauvermann. The Effects of a Revenue-Neutral Child Subsidy Tax Mechanism on Growth and GHG Emissions. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald R. Kumar; Peter J. Stauvermann. 2019. "The Effects of a Revenue-Neutral Child Subsidy Tax Mechanism on Growth and GHG Emissions." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2585.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2018 in Marine Policy
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At the 11th Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Argentina, despite being steadfast in achieving an outcome on fisheries subsidies disciplines, member countries were unable to reach consensus on the matter. While members of the WTO have been advocating for sustainable management of fisheries resources and advocating the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14.6, some developing countries were concerned about its impact on low income and poorly resourced fishers, who are surviving because of the subsidies under the discipline. This study provides possible implications of the fisheries subsidies as a trade policy tool for market access and its effectiveness in achieving the overall sustainable development goals. To examine the effectiveness of subsidies in fisheries negotiations, the study focuses on the global supply and demand side of the fisheries resources from the perspective of the fish resource holders and the fishing resource capacity. The analysis considers budgetary support in fisheries, the vessel capacity (tonnage), the fish development technologies and the total marine catch processing, to indicate the demand for extraction of the fish resources. The supply of the fish resources is determined by the regions with major fishing areas and the licenses issued for fishing. Using both the market demand and supply for fisheries resource extraction, the study examines the effectiveness of subsidies as a trade policy tool to attain the overall sustainable development goals. Based on the analysis, certain policy strategies follows, which are important for countries to consider before the elimination of fisheries subsidies at the WTO.

ACS Style

Radika Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Jadhav Chakradhar. The effectiveness of fisheries subsidies as a trade policy tool to achieving sustainable development goals at the WTO. Marine Policy 2018, 100, 132 -140.

AMA Style

Radika Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Jadhav Chakradhar. The effectiveness of fisheries subsidies as a trade policy tool to achieving sustainable development goals at the WTO. Marine Policy. 2018; 100 ():132-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Radika Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Jadhav Chakradhar. 2018. "The effectiveness of fisheries subsidies as a trade policy tool to achieving sustainable development goals at the WTO." Marine Policy 100, no. : 132-140.

Research article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Tourism Analysis
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Fiji's tourism industry has evolved considerably in the past 30 years with past and present governments striving to support and promote the sector despite competing development priorities. This study examines the effects of tourism on the economic growth of Fiji, a small island economy, over the period 1975 to 2015. Using a neoclassical framework and the autoregressive distributed lag bound procedure, the short-run and the long-run effects are explored while accounting for structural breaks. The long-run and short-run results indicate that a 1% increase in visitor arrivals contribute about 0.13% and 0.20% to the per capita income, respectively. Additionally, a unidirectional causality from economic growth to tourism and a mutually reinforcing effect between capital investment and tourism are noted. Thus, greater impact of tourism on the economic growth can be realized through tourism-related investment activities such as improvements in airports, roads, transportation, telecommunications, financial sector, technology, and natural parks and beaches.

ACS Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Arvind Patel; Peter Josef Stauvermann. Exploring the Effects of Tourism and Economic Growth in Fiji: Accounting for Capital, Labor, and Structural Breaks. Tourism Analysis 2018, 23, 391 -407.

AMA Style

Nikeel Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Arvind Patel, Peter Josef Stauvermann. Exploring the Effects of Tourism and Economic Growth in Fiji: Accounting for Capital, Labor, and Structural Breaks. Tourism Analysis. 2018; 23 (3):391-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikeel Kumar; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Arvind Patel; Peter Josef Stauvermann. 2018. "Exploring the Effects of Tourism and Economic Growth in Fiji: Accounting for Capital, Labor, and Structural Breaks." Tourism Analysis 23, no. 3: 391-407.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2018 in Accounting Research Journal
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PurposeThe banking sector stability depends in large part on the size of non-performing loans (NPLs). Hence, the factors which explain the problem loans are very useful information for banks. Notably, studies in this regard with respect to the small developing countries’ banking sector have received less attention. Therefore, this study aims to examine the determinants of NPLs with a case of Fiji’s banking sector, over the period 2000-2013.Design/methodology/approachThe balanced sample consists of the entire banking sector (five commercial banks and two non-bank financial institutions). First, the authors estimate a base model which comprise bank-specific indicators that are related to bank management and then they extend the estimations to include macroeconomic/structural factors such as economic growth, inflation, changes of the real effective exchange rate, unemployment, remittances, political instability and external events like the global financial crisis. The estimations are done using pooled OLS, the random effects and the fixed effects regression methods.FindingsThe results show that the following indicators have negative association with NPL and are statistically significant with the conventional levels: return on equity, capital adequacy requirement, market share based on assets, unemployment and time. On the other hand, the net interest margin has a positive and statistically significant association with NPL.Research limitations/implicationsSubsequently, the stability of the banking sector in small developing countries such as Fiji is largely dependent on banks’ profitability, solvency, size in terms of market share and the presence of a learning curve and keeping a close tab on the interest rate spread between loans and deposits.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the specific factors determining NPL in small developing economy of Fiji.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine specific factors determining NPLs with respect to small developing economies in the Oceania region.

ACS Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Selvin Prasad. Determinants of non-performing loans in banking sector in small developing island states. Accounting Research Journal 2018, 31, 192 -213.

AMA Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Arvind Patel, Selvin Prasad. Determinants of non-performing loans in banking sector in small developing island states. Accounting Research Journal. 2018; 31 (2):192-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Selvin Prasad. 2018. "Determinants of non-performing loans in banking sector in small developing island states." Accounting Research Journal 31, no. 2: 192-213.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2018 in Economies
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Technological change causes three consequences: it guarantees economic growth, it requires employees to acquire more skills and human capital, and it increases inequality if employees are not capable adapting to new technologies. The second consequence makes it almost necessary for employees to learn during their whole working life, thereby accelerating technological change. Accordingly, the OECD (the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) and many governments supports the idea of lifelong learning, but it remains unclear how to finance the education of adult students who are working efficiently. In this paper, we use an overlapping generation model with human capital accumulation and inequality to derive a mechanism which reduces income inequality and provides an incentive for all adults to invest more in education. As a consequence, the growth rate of per capita income will increase and income inequality will be reduced.

ACS Style

Peter J. Stauvermann; Ronald R. Kumar. Adult Learning, Economic Growth and the Distribution of Income. Economies 2018, 6, 11 .

AMA Style

Peter J. Stauvermann, Ronald R. Kumar. Adult Learning, Economic Growth and the Distribution of Income. Economies. 2018; 6 (1):11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter J. Stauvermann; Ronald R. Kumar. 2018. "Adult Learning, Economic Growth and the Distribution of Income." Economies 6, no. 1: 11.

Article
Published: 12 January 2018 in Economic Change and Restructuring
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In this paper, we explore the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) and tourism on per worker output over the period 1960–2016 by using an augmented Solow (Quart J Econ 70(1): 65–94, 1956) framework estimated through the autoregressive distributed lag procedure for cointegration (Pesaran et al. in J Appl Econ 16(3):289–326, 2001). The results show that mobile cellular subscriptions (measure of ICT pervasiveness) and visitor arrivals as a percent of workers (measure of tourism) are cointegrated and positive, however, only ICT is statistically significant in the long-run. The long-run elasticity coefficient of ICT and tourism is 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. We note a unidirectional causality from ICT to output per worker, from tourism to output per worker, from capital per worker to tourism, and from ICT to tourism. From the results, we emphasize that focusing on technology advancement and tourism expansion will provide the necessary support for economic growth in the country.

ACS Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Nikeel Kumar; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel. Economic Change and Restructuring 2018, 52, 221 -254.

AMA Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Nikeel Kumar, Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel. Economic Change and Restructuring. 2018; 52 (3):221-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Nikeel Kumar; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. 2018. "Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel." Economic Change and Restructuring 52, no. 3: 221-254.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2017 in Applied Economics
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Both Bangladesh and India are among the top recipient of remittances in absolute terms. However, in relative terms – remittances as a per cent of GDP – the two countries stand at 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively, well below the levels of the top 10 recipients. In this article, we explore the effect of remittances on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth considering Bangladesh and India, as reference countries over the periods 1980–2012 and 1977–2012, respectively. We examine the presence of a long-run association between remittances and TFP using a number of tests. The results indicate that remittances have threshold effects on TFP growth in both countries. Despite the two countries receiving substantial amount of remittances, we note that Bangladesh has a U-shaped relationship whereas India has an inverted U-shaped relationship with TFP growth. For Bangladesh, a minimum threshold of remittances (% GDP) is 5.3% and for India, a tipping point of remittances (% GDP) is at 1.8%. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional effect, which implies that remittances and TFP growth are mutually reinforcing. Interestingly, while the two economies have similar remittances impact in regards to causality, the study highlights two different tipping points of remittances.

ACS Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Nikeel N. Kumar; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India. Applied Economics 2017, 50, 2860 -2877.

AMA Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Nikeel N. Kumar, Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India. Applied Economics. 2017; 50 (26):2860-2877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Nikeel N. Kumar; Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad. 2017. "Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India." Applied Economics 50, no. 26: 2860-2877.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2017 in Accounting Research Journal
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PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of terrorism on return and systematic risk of Pakistan’s equity industries. Daily data from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2014 for 12 industries based on the specific types of companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange are used for the empirical analysis.Design/methodology/approachA multiplicative (additive) term is introduced in the standard capital asset pricing model to examine the change in systematic risk (industry returns) in response to the terrorist activities. The authors use the multiscale beta approach (Yamada, 2005) and the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) to test the heterogeneous market hypothesis.FindingsTerrorism activities increase the systematic risk for most of the industries and the negative impact on returns of banks and the financial industry. It is noted that terrorism positively impacts (increases) the industrial systematic risk mainly in short-run (between two and four days-time horizon).Originality/valueThe paper examines the impact of terrorism on a broad list of industries’ (banks, basic materials, chemicals, construction, consumer goods, consumer services, financials, industrials, minerals, oil and gas, textile and utilities) risk and return in Pakistan, using the multiscale beta approach (Yamada, 2005) and the MODWT methods.

ACS Style

Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Tanveer Ahmad. The impact of terrorism on industry returns and systematic risk in Pakistan. Accounting Research Journal 2017, 30, 413 -429.

AMA Style

Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Tanveer Ahmad. The impact of terrorism on industry returns and systematic risk in Pakistan. Accounting Research Journal. 2017; 30 (4):413-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Tanveer Ahmad. 2017. "The impact of terrorism on industry returns and systematic risk in Pakistan." Accounting Research Journal 30, no. 4: 413-429.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2017 in International Migration
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Kyrgyzstan and Macedonia have experienced a reasonable increase in remittances over the last twenty-five years. Subsequently, the extent to which remittances can be instrumental for economic development of the two countries has gained serious attention in recent development dialogues. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of remittances versus financial development on the economic growth of the two counties, complementing the burgeoning interest and focus on remittances for policy. The short-run and the long-run effects and the causality dynamics of remittances and financial development, are explored. The results show a long-run positive impact of remittances on the economic growth of these countries. The impact of financial development is negative, significant only for Kyrgyzstan and not statistically significant for Macedonia. The causality results show that remittances support economic growth for Kyrgyzstan, whereas economic growth appears to propel remittances for Macedonia.

ACS Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Selvin Prasad. The Effect of Remittances on Economic Growth in Kyrgyzstan and Macedonia: Accounting for Financial Development. International Migration 2017, 56, 95 -126.

AMA Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Arvind Patel, Selvin Prasad. The Effect of Remittances on Economic Growth in Kyrgyzstan and Macedonia: Accounting for Financial Development. International Migration. 2017; 56 (1):95-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Selvin Prasad. 2017. "The Effect of Remittances on Economic Growth in Kyrgyzstan and Macedonia: Accounting for Financial Development." International Migration 56, no. 1: 95-126.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Tourism Management
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ACS Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. Productivity growth and income in the tourism sector: Role of tourism demand and human capital investment. Tourism Management 2017, 61, 426 -433.

AMA Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. Productivity growth and income in the tourism sector: Role of tourism demand and human capital investment. Tourism Management. 2017; 61 ():426-433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. 2017. "Productivity growth and income in the tourism sector: Role of tourism demand and human capital investment." Tourism Management 61, no. : 426-433.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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ACS Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Nikeel Kumar. The effect of energy on output per worker in the Balkan Peninsula: A country-specific study of 12 nations in the Energy Community. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 70, 1223 -1239.

AMA Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar, Peter Josef Stauvermann, Arvind Patel, Nikeel Kumar. The effect of energy on output per worker in the Balkan Peninsula: A country-specific study of 12 nations in the Energy Community. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 70 ():1223-1239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronald Ravinesh Kumar; Peter Josef Stauvermann; Arvind Patel; Nikeel Kumar. 2017. "The effect of energy on output per worker in the Balkan Peninsula: A country-specific study of 12 nations in the Energy Community." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 70, no. : 1223-1239.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2017 in Metroeconomica
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ACS Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. Modeling economic growth with tourism for small open economies. Metroeconomica 2017, 68, 1001 -1018.

AMA Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. Modeling economic growth with tourism for small open economies. Metroeconomica. 2017; 68 (4):1001-1018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Josef Stauvermann; Ronald Ravinesh Kumar. 2017. "Modeling economic growth with tourism for small open economies." Metroeconomica 68, no. 4: 1001-1018.