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The autoencoder concept has fostered the reinterpretation and the design of modern communication systems. It consists of an encoder, a channel and a decoder block that modify their internal neural structure in an end-to-end learning fashion. However, the current approach to train an autoencoder relies on the use of the cross-entropy loss function. This approach can be prone to overfitting issues and often fails to learn an optimal system and signal representation (code). In addition, less is known about the autoencoder ability to design channel capacity-approaching codes, i.e., codes that maximize the input-output mutual information under a certain power constraint. The task being even more formidable for an unknown channel for which the capacity is unknown and therefore it has to be learnt. In this paper, we address the challenge of designing capacity-approaching codes by incorporating the presence of the communication channel into a novel loss function for the autoencoder training. In particular, we exploit the mutual information between the transmitted and received signals as a regularization term in the cross-entropy loss function, with the aim of controlling the amount of information stored. By jointly maximizing the mutual information and minimizing the cross-entropy, we propose a theoretical approach that a) computes an estimate of the channel capacity and b) constructs an optimal coded signal approaching it. Theoretical considerations are made on the choice of the cost function and the ability of the proposed architecture to mitigate the overfitting problem. Simulation results offer an initial evidence of the potentiality of the proposed method.
Nunzio A. Letizia; Andrea M. Tonello. Capacity-Driven Autoencoders for Communications. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2021, 2, 1366 -1378.
AMA StyleNunzio A. Letizia, Andrea M. Tonello. Capacity-Driven Autoencoders for Communications. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. 2021; 2 ():1366-1378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNunzio A. Letizia; Andrea M. Tonello. 2021. "Capacity-Driven Autoencoders for Communications." IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2, no. : 1366-1378.
Recent advancements in generative networks have shown that it is possible to produce real-world-like data using deep neural networks. Some implicit probabilistic models that follow a stochastic procedure to directly generate data have been introduced to overcome the intractability of the posterior distribution. However, the ability to model data requires deep knowledge and understanding of its statistical dependence--which can be preserved and studied in appropriate latent spaces. In this article, we present a segmented generation process through linear and nonlinear manipulations in the same-dimensional latent space where data are projected to. Inspired by the known stochastic method to generate correlated data, we develop a segmented approach for the generation of dependent data, exploiting the concept of copula. The generation process is split into two frames: one embedding the covariance or copula information in the uniform probability space, and the other embedding the marginal distribution information in the sample domain. The proposed network structure, referred to as a segmented generative network (SGN), also provides an empirical method to sample directly from implicit copulas. To show its generality, we evaluate the presented approach in three application scenarios: a toy example, handwritten digits, and face image generation.
Nunzio A. Letizia; Andrea M. Tonello. Segmented Generative Networks: Data Generation in the Uniform Probability Space. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2020, PP, 1 -10.
AMA StyleNunzio A. Letizia, Andrea M. Tonello. Segmented Generative Networks: Data Generation in the Uniform Probability Space. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. 2020; PP (99):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNunzio A. Letizia; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "Segmented Generative Networks: Data Generation in the Uniform Probability Space." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems PP, no. 99: 1-10.
We propose a mechanical system named swash mass pendulum (SMP) with application in robotics, and we develop a passivity-based control approach. The SMP is a pendulum made of a rigid shaft connected to a pair of cross-shafts where four swash masses can move under the action of servo mechanisms. The control objective is to stabilize the pendulum at a desired rest orientation. The regulation at the desired orientation is obtained via energy shaping that prevents the solution of partial differential equations. The derivation of the control law consists of a) partial feedback linearization under input coupling, b) a proportional plus integral (PI) controller acting on two new passive outputs. The performance of the controller is assessed by both simulations and experimental results, showing the effectiveness of the control design for the novel proposed pendulum.
Babak Salamat; Andrea M. Tonello. A Swash Mass Pendulum with Passivity-Based Control. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2020, 6, 199 -206.
AMA StyleBabak Salamat, Andrea M. Tonello. A Swash Mass Pendulum with Passivity-Based Control. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 2020; 6 (1):199-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Salamat; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "A Swash Mass Pendulum with Passivity-Based Control." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 1: 199-206.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks 2020, 1083 -1088.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks. 2020; ():1083-1088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics." Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks , no. : 1083-1088.
A high-speed full-duplex transceiver (FDT) over lossy on-chip interconnects is presented. The FDT employs a hybrid circuit to separate the inbound and outbound signals from each other and also performs echo-cancellation with the help of the main and the auxiliary drivers. A hybrid MOS device is utilized for impedance matching and conversion of the received voltage signal into a current signal for amplification. Moreover, a compensation capacitance ( C c ) is used at the output of the main driver to minimize the residual echo signal and achieve a higher data rate. The entire FDT architecture has been designed in TSMC 28 nm CMOS standard process with 0.9 V supply voltage. The performance results validate a 16 Gbps FD operation with a root-mean-square (RMS) jitter of 16.4 ps, and a power efficiency of 0.16 pJ/b/mm over a 5 mm on-chip interconnect without significant effect due to process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. To the best knowledge of the authors, this work shows the highest achievable full-duplex data rate, among the solutions reported in the literature to date, yet with low complexity, low layout area of 1581 μ m 2 and competitive power efficiency.
Arash Ebrahimi Ebrahimi Jarihani; Sahar Sarafi; Michael Koeberle; Johannes Sturm; Andrea M. Tonello. A 16 Gbps, Full-Duplex Transceiver over Lossy On-Chip Interconnects in 28 nm CMOS Technology. Electronics 2020, 9, 717 .
AMA StyleArash Ebrahimi Ebrahimi Jarihani, Sahar Sarafi, Michael Koeberle, Johannes Sturm, Andrea M. Tonello. A 16 Gbps, Full-Duplex Transceiver over Lossy On-Chip Interconnects in 28 nm CMOS Technology. Electronics. 2020; 9 (5):717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArash Ebrahimi Ebrahimi Jarihani; Sahar Sarafi; Michael Koeberle; Johannes Sturm; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "A 16 Gbps, Full-Duplex Transceiver over Lossy On-Chip Interconnects in 28 nm CMOS Technology." Electronics 9, no. 5: 717.
We consider a small helicopter structure that is maneuvered through the control of moving masses. It is referred to as a swash mass helicopter (SMH). This paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem for the SMH, with a specific focus on the decoupling change of coordinates of both rotational and translational dynamics.We propose a control scheme in which position tracking is the primary objective, while the attitude tracking task is considered as a secondary objective. The intermediate control signals related to the attitude dynamics exploit the structural properties of the SMH and are enhanced with terms that grant a more accurate tracking of the target trajectory. The closed-loop system stability under the trajectory tracking objective is obtained following the Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity- Based Control (IDA-PBC) approach. In addition, the presence of external disturbances can diminish the trajectory tracking performance. For this reason, a nonlinear outer loop controller is added to the IDAPBC to compensate the disturbances. Finally, the results of several simulations are reported to evaluate the performance of the control strategy.
Babak Salamat; Andrea M. Tonello. Energy Based Control of a Swash Mass Helicopter Through Decoupling Change of Coordinates. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 77449 -77458.
AMA StyleBabak Salamat, Andrea M. Tonello. Energy Based Control of a Swash Mass Helicopter Through Decoupling Change of Coordinates. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):77449-77458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Salamat; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "Energy Based Control of a Swash Mass Helicopter Through Decoupling Change of Coordinates." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 77449-77458.
Leakage of information in power line communication (PLC) networks is a threat to privacy and security. A way to enhance security is to encode the transmitted information with the use of a secret key. If the communication channel exhibits common characteristics at both ends and these are unknown to a potential eavesdropper, then it is possible to locally generate a common secret key at the two communication ends without the need for sharing it through the broadcast channel. This is known as physical layer key generation. To this aim, known techniques have been developed exploiting the transfer function of symmetric channels. However, the PLC channel is in general not symmetric, but just reciprocal. Therefore, in this paper, we first analyze the characteristics of the channel to verify whether physical layer key generation can be implemented. Then, we propose two novel methods that exploit the reciprocity of the PLC channel to generate common information by the two intended users. This information is processed through different quantization techniques to generate secret keys locally. To assess the security of the generated keys, we analyze the spatial correlation of PLC channels. This allows verifying whether the eavesdropper’s channels are weakly correlated with the intended users’ channel. Consequently, it is found that the information leaked to a possible eavesdropper has very low correlation to the locally generated key. The analysis and proposed methods are validated on a measurement dataset.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Secure PHY Layer Key Generation in the Asymmetric Power Line Communication Channel. Electronics 2020, 9, 605 .
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Secure PHY Layer Key Generation in the Asymmetric Power Line Communication Channel. Electronics. 2020; 9 (4):605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2020. "Secure PHY Layer Key Generation in the Asymmetric Power Line Communication Channel." Electronics 9, no. 4: 605.
A key challenge in narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC) is the mitigation of impairments introduced by the correlated cyclostationary noise. The frequency-shift (FRESH) filtering approach has been recently proposed to reproduce a cyclostationary NB-PLC noise with characteristics similar to those obtained from field measurements. In this paper, we use a classification of the noise generated by the FRESH filter into three classes to propose a simple method to produce noise samples with statistics similar to those obtained at its output. The approach consists of parametrized spectral and temporal shapings applied to a white Gaussian noise sequence. We validate our proposed method by comparing its generated noise samples with those obtained using the FRESH filter and using measurements in terms of: i) normalized mean-squared error between the cyclic auto-correlations; ii) bit error rate.
Sadaf Moaveninejad; Atul Kumar; Mahmoud Elgenedy; Naofal Al-Dhahir; Andrea M. Tonello; Maurizio Magarini. Simpler Than FRESH Filter: A Parametric Approach for Cyclostationary Noise Generation in NB-PLC. IEEE Communications Letters 2020, 24, 1373 -1377.
AMA StyleSadaf Moaveninejad, Atul Kumar, Mahmoud Elgenedy, Naofal Al-Dhahir, Andrea M. Tonello, Maurizio Magarini. Simpler Than FRESH Filter: A Parametric Approach for Cyclostationary Noise Generation in NB-PLC. IEEE Communications Letters. 2020; 24 (7):1373-1377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadaf Moaveninejad; Atul Kumar; Mahmoud Elgenedy; Naofal Al-Dhahir; Andrea M. Tonello; Maurizio Magarini. 2020. "Simpler Than FRESH Filter: A Parametric Approach for Cyclostationary Noise Generation in NB-PLC." IEEE Communications Letters 24, no. 7: 1373-1377.
In this paper, a new unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) structure, referred to as swash mass UAV, is presented. It consists of a double blade coaxial shaft rotor and four swash masses that allow changing the orientation and maneuvering the UAV. The dynamical system model is derived from the Newton\textquotesingle s law framework. The rotational behavior of the UAV is discussed as a function of the design parameters. Given the uniqueness and the form of the obtained non-linear dynamical system model, a back-stepping control mechanism is proposed. It is obtained following the Lyapunov's control approach in each iteration step. Numerical results show that the swashed mass UAV can be maneuvered with the proposed control algorithm so that linear and aggressive trajectories can be accurately tracked.
Andrea M. Tonello; Babak Salamat. A Swash Mass Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Design, Modeling and Control. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrea M. Tonello, Babak Salamat. A Swash Mass Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Design, Modeling and Control. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea M. Tonello; Babak Salamat. 2019. "A Swash Mass Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Design, Modeling and Control." , no. : 1.
Andrea M. Tonello; Nunzio A. Letizia; Davide Righini; Francesco Marcuzzi. Machine Learning Tips and Tricks for Power Line Communications. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 82434 -82452.
AMA StyleAndrea M. Tonello, Nunzio A. Letizia, Davide Righini, Francesco Marcuzzi. Machine Learning Tips and Tricks for Power Line Communications. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 ():82434-82452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea M. Tonello; Nunzio A. Letizia; Davide Righini; Francesco Marcuzzi. 2019. "Machine Learning Tips and Tricks for Power Line Communications." IEEE Access 7, no. : 82434-82452.
In this work, we first provide an overview of the state of the art in mismatch error estimation and correction for time-interleaved analog to digital converters (TI-ADCs). Then, we present a novel pilotbased on-line adaptive timing mismatch error estimation approach for TI-ADCs in the context of an impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) receiver with correlation-based detection. We introduce the developed method and derive the expressions for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh multipath fading (RMPF) channels. We also derive a lower bound on the required ADC resolution to attain a certain estimation precision. Simulations show the effectiveness of the technique when combined with an adequate compensator. We analyze the estimation error behavior as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and investigate the ADC performance before and after compensation. While all mismatches combined cause the effective number of bits (ENOB) to drop to 3 bits and to 6 bits when considering only timing mismatch, estimation and correction of these errors with the proposed technique can restore a close to ideal behavior. We also show the performance loss at the receiver in terms of bit error rate (BER) and how compensation is able to significantly improve performance.
Christian A. Schmidt; Jose L. Figueroa; Juan E. Cousseau; Andrea M. Tonello. Pilot-Based TI-ADC Mismatch Error Calibration for IR-UWB Receivers. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 74340 -74350.
AMA StyleChristian A. Schmidt, Jose L. Figueroa, Juan E. Cousseau, Andrea M. Tonello. Pilot-Based TI-ADC Mismatch Error Calibration for IR-UWB Receivers. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):74340-74350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian A. Schmidt; Jose L. Figueroa; Juan E. Cousseau; Andrea M. Tonello. 2019. "Pilot-Based TI-ADC Mismatch Error Calibration for IR-UWB Receivers." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 74340-74350.
The aim of the present work is to provide the theoretical fundamentals needed to monitor power grids using high frequency sensors. In our context, network monitoring refers to the harvesting of different kinds of information: topology of the grid, load changes, presence of faults and cable degradation. We rely on transmission line theory to carry out a thorough analysis of how high frequency signals, such those produced by power line communication modems, propagate through multi-conductor power networks. We also consider the presence of electrical anomalies on the network and analyze how they affect the signal propagation. In this context, we propose two models that rely on reflectometric and end-to-end measurements to extrapolate information about possible anomalies. An in-depth discussion is carried out to explain the properties of each model and measurement method, in order to enable the development of appropriate anomaly detection and location algorithms.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 27302 -27312.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):27302-27312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2019. "Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 27302-27312.
The main subject of this paper is the sensing of network anomalies that span from harmless impedance changes at some network termination to more or less pronounced electrical faults, considering also cable degradation over time. In this paper, we present how to harvest information about such anomalies in distribution grids using high frequency signals spanning from few kHz to several MHz. Given the wide bandwidth considered, we rely on power line modems as network sensors. We firstly discuss the front-end architectures needed to perform the measurement and then introduce two algorithms to detect, classify and locate the different kinds of network anomalies listed above. Simulation results are finally presented. They validate the concept of sensing in smart grids using power line modems and show the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2019, 10, 6178 -6186.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2019; 10 (6):6178-6186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2019. "Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 6: 6178-6186.
The focusing ability of the lens antennas can significantly contribute to perform precise radio localization with low complexity in a massive antennas array (MAA) system. Thus, by combining lens antennas with a MAA, we propose an approach for radio source localization through angle of arrival (AoA) estimation in a multipath propagation scenario. We discuss two simplified antenna selection techniques to select and process the focused subsets of antennas. Then, we implement a low complexity time of arrival estimation scheme to detect the first arrival path (FAP) that contains the actual AoA information. Finally, the FAP signal is processed to estimate the AoA very efficiently, by applying one of the traditional subspace based methods. To simplify further the system architecture with only slight degradation in performance, we also propose a mixed analog-digital AoA estimation structure based on the application of the sum-difference signal patterns technique. The simulated root mean squared error performance curves as a function of the signal-to-noise-ratio demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of providing good AoA estimation results while considerably reducing the overall system complexity as compared to the MAA system without the lens.
Sarmad A. Shaikh; Andrea M. Tonello. Radio Source Localization in Multipath Channels Using EM Lens Assisted Massive Antennas Arrays. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 9001 -9012.
AMA StyleSarmad A. Shaikh, Andrea M. Tonello. Radio Source Localization in Multipath Channels Using EM Lens Assisted Massive Antennas Arrays. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):9001-9012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarmad A. Shaikh; Andrea M. Tonello. 2019. "Radio Source Localization in Multipath Channels Using EM Lens Assisted Massive Antennas Arrays." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 9001-9012.
Francesco Marcuzzi; Andrea M. Tonello. Radio Access Network Backhauling Using Power Line Communications. Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Marcuzzi, Andrea M. Tonello. Radio Access Network Backhauling Using Power Line Communications. Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Marcuzzi; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "Radio Access Network Backhauling Using Power Line Communications." Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice , no. : 1.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks. 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "Power Line Communications for Grid Discovery and Diagnostics." Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks , no. : 1-6.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Anomaly Detection and Localization." , no. : 1.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "Smart Grid Monitoring Using Power Line Modems: Effect of Anomalies on Signal Propagation." , no. : 1.
In-band full duplex power line communications (IBFD-PLC) is an attractive technology that can not only boost the communication throughput, but also help solving networking and security related issues. This paper is focused on the architectural design of IBFD-PLC modems and proposes the adoption of an adaptive analog hybrid to complement the existing technical solutions. Technical details on how to implement such hybrid are presented and its performance in terms of self-interference suppression is assessed. The results show that the proposed hybrid allows to reduce the amount of self-interference around 10 dB more than the solution already presented in the literature.
Federico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. Adaptive hybrid circuit for enhanced echo cancellation in full duplex PLC. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Andrea M. Tonello. Adaptive hybrid circuit for enhanced echo cancellation in full duplex PLC. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "Adaptive hybrid circuit for enhanced echo cancellation in full duplex PLC." 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) , no. : 1-5.
Existing Power Line Communications (PLC) channel models consider just the conducted propagation of signals through power lines. However, the natural conformation of power line networks causes a relevant part of the high frequency signals traveling through them to be radiated instead of being conducted. This causes not only deterioration of the signal integrity but also electromagnetic interference (EMI) with devices positioned next to power line cables. This paper describes a bottom-up channel model that includes such radiation effects. With this aim, the physical causes of radiation in power lines are analyzed and their effect on the signal propagation is used to propose a novel power line cable model. Since most of the radiation is caused by common-mode signals, the paper presents a method to describe the propagation of such signals along a power line network and to account for possible mode conversions. Comparisons with lab measurements are finally presented to demonstrate the validity of the model.
Federico Passerini; Davide Righini; Andrea M. Tonello. A bottom-up PLC channel model that includes radiation effects. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleFederico Passerini, Davide Righini, Andrea M. Tonello. A bottom-up PLC channel model that includes radiation effects. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Passerini; Davide Righini; Andrea M. Tonello. 2018. "A bottom-up PLC channel model that includes radiation effects." 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) , no. : 1-6.