Liensinine is a bioactive component of Plumula Nelumbinis extracted from the green embryo of the mature seeds of Nelumbonaceae and exhibits therapeutic functions and noteworthy anti-tumor effects in recent studies. However, the potential anti-tumor property and the underlying mechanisms of liensinine in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been illustrated. In this study, we demonstrated that liensinine has the potential anti-tumor property, and it could inhibit growth of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that although it induced significant accumulation of autophagosomes, liensinine could quench them for degradation and blocked autophagic flux. Importantly, we observed that liensinine inhibited the normal function of mitochondrial energy supply and impaired the lysosomal function. This research firstly provides a possibility insight that liensinine could be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.

To investigate the effects of Co-Venenum Bufonis Oral Liquid (cVBOL) on radiation-induced esophagitis in rats. Irradiation (30 Gy) with X-RAD 225 x-ray was applied to induce esophagitis in 64 Wistar rats and treated by different methods. The body weight of rats either in radiation treatment (RT) group, cVBOL+RT, or esophagus mixture (EM)+RT group was significantly decreased when compared with that in normal group (P<0.0001). After irradiation, histopathological studies, immunohistochemistry, and MRI scanning on esophagus were performed. Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were also determined by ELISA at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after radiation treatment. The results demonstrated that radiation caused esophageal injury and thickening of esophageal tissue layers. The esophageal tissues after radiation treatment showed typical pathological changes of esophagitis. Radiation also caused esophagus edema. Treatment of cVBOL reduced the severity of histological esophageal lesion, decreased the expression of bFGF and TGF‑β1, and lowered serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL‑10 over 28 days after radiation treatment. In conclusion, cVBOL treatment is effective to prevent radiation induced esophagitis and reduces radiation induced esophagitis may be mediated through its ant-inflammatory effects.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, but its treatment options remain limited. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have limited efficacy in the treatment of lung SCC. Here, we report an SCC patient who developed EGFR-T790M mutation and showed gefitinib resistance achieved an extremely long survival by taking Osimertinib alternatively.Case summary: A patient, 66-year-old non-smoking and drinking male with advanced SCC who was deemed inoperable at the time of diagnosis. The first genetic testing showed deletion mutation of exon 19 of EGFR. The patient was then treated with gefitinib with no significant efficacy. EGFR-T790M mutation was found in the second genetic test. The treatment regimen was changed to radiotherapy with Osimertinib, and the patient’s primary lesion and the brain metastases were well controlled.Conclusion: This typical case highlights the important role of Osimertinib in patients with SCC carrying EGFR mutations.

Background Globally, breast cancer is among the most frequent cancers, and tumor progression is greatly impacted by the immune system. Studies have revealed a correlation between the phenotypes of immune cells and the incidence of breast cancer; nevertheless, the causal relationship has yet to be fully elucidated. Hence, we sought to ascertain the causal relationship between immune cell subtypes and breast cancer through the implementation of Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods MR analysis utilized freely available genetic data to explore the causation link between 731 immune cell phenotypes and the susceptibility to breast cancer, distinguishing between estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and negative (ER−) subtypes. ER+ patients are sensitive to endocrine drugs, and one more way to treat with endocrine drugs than ER− patients. Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median methods were employed to evaluate MR. The IVW analysis was used as the primary research methodology. Results Among 731 immune phenotypes, we found that breast cancer was causally related to eight immune phenotypes, six of which were protective against breast cancer, while two were risk factors. After grouping breast cancers based on the ER expression, ER+ breast cancer patients were significantly causally related to seven immune phenotypes, among which three were protective against ER+ breast cancers, and four were risk factors. Furthermore, ER-breast cancer patients were significantly causally related to 10 immune phenotypes, with four being protective against ER-breast cancers and six being risk factors. Conclusions This MR Study proved that there is a certain genetic relationship between immune cell phenotype and breast cancer, and the related genes may have certain significance for the treatment and drug development of breast cancer.