SUMMARY: Parasitic infections are among the leading global public health problems with very high economic and mortality burdens. Unfortunately, the available treatment drugs are beset with side effects and continuous parasite drug resistance is being reported. However, new findings reveal more promising compounds especially of plant origin. Among the promising leads are the pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) made up of the oleanane, ursane, taraxastane, lupane and hopane types. This paper reviews the literature published from 1985 to date on the in vitro and in vivo anti-parasitic potency of this class of phytochemicals. Of the 191 natural and synthetic PT reported, 85 have shown high anti-parasitic activity against various species belonging to the genera of Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, as well as various genera of Nematoda. Moreover, structural modification especially at carbon 3 (C3) and C27 of the parent backbone of PT has led to improved anti-parasitic activity in some cases and loss of activity in others. The potential of this group of compounds as future alternatives in the treatment of parasitic diseases is discussed. It is hoped that the information presented herein will contribute to the full exploration of this promising group of compounds as possible drugs for parasitic diseases.

Condensate‐modifying therapeutics (c‐mods), comprising low–molecular‐weight compounds (~1.5 kDa) and related agents such as RNAs and metabolites like ATP, are emerging as promising drug candidates for neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and viral infections. These compounds modulate liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), a biophysical process driven by intrinsically disordered regions, low‐complexity domains, and multivalent non‐covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions). LLPS governs the formation of biomolecular condensates essential for gene regulation, signaling, stress responses, and cellular organization. By selectively inhibiting or promoting condensation, we show that c‐mods offer strategies to manage diseases presented with aberrant phase separation. Mechanistic insights into LLPS dynamics provided by specific physicochemical features (planar structures and polarity) of c‐mods open avenues for accelerating drug discovery, repurposing, and synergistic therapies. We highlight scaffolds, charged molecules, and ions that modulate LLPS. We integrate recent advances in understanding the roles of c‐mods in regulating viral protein assemblies; however, the function of LLPS and its regulation in other microorganisms remains underexplored. Future directions include engineering peptide‐based therapeutics, designing artificial condensates, and employing AI‐driven target identification to discover novel LLPS‐associated drug targets. Additionally, biomaterials and industry‐led initiatives in condensate‐targeted drug discovery are broadening therapeutic intervention across diverse diseases.