This work proposes a smart protection system for microgrids, which relies on an adaptive metaheuristic for the automatic calculation of optimal settings for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). The adaptive fuzzy directional bat algorithm (AFDBA) associated with a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used for this purpose. A prominent advantage of this solution is that there is no need for an initial tuning of the parameters associated with the algorithm, unlike many traditional approaches reported in the literature. Such a metaheuristic is used in the conception of an adaptive protection system (APS) in the context of a microgrid while taking into account the connection status of distributed generation (DG) units under distinct scenarios. A performance comparison with a protection system with fixed optimal settings (PSFOS) is also presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed APS outperforms the PSFOS while providing faster response, higher reliability and less susceptibility to miscoordination. In other words, it presents a shorter trip time when compared with the PSFOS, with a reduction of 6.83% and 26.58% when considering the DG penetration and the islanded microgrid, respectively.

Some tools for detecting similarity, such as Sherlock, compare textual documents of any nature, but have limitations to compare source code files. The presence or absence of blank spaces between structure elements, variable names, among other actions interfere with the similarity index found. This paper evidences that the preprocessing of the source code improves Sherlock' performance. The results are based on experiments conducted with 66 source code previously plagiarized, and a base formed by 2160 codes created by students of engineering courses in programming classes. In this last set, the situation of similarity was not previously known, so a method was created to calculate precision and recall, in a relative way, based on a set of reference tools, as a kind of oracle. Our approach, called Sherlock N-overlap obtained, in most of the cases tested, similarity indexes superior to other complex tools such as MOSS, JPlag and SIM.

We present a literature review of experimental studies aiming to characterize soiling and its effects on the generation performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The methodology is based on a Systematic Review of the Literature (SRL) through the elaboration and implementation of a conduction protocol, with selection criteria, search strategies and extraction and summarization procedures. In the search and identification, 3,018 Primary Studies (PSs) are initially obtained, with 151 PSs being admitted for extraction and summarization. The bibliometric analysis identifies the annual distribution of publications, main researchers, means of scientific dissemination and most used terms as keywords. The short-circuit current (Isc) is usually the parameter most affected by dirt; considering other parameters, different behaviors are identified, depending on the PV technology. The chemical elements most reported are Ca, Si, Al, O, Fe and Mg; the main mineral compounds are quartz, calcite, hematite, gypsum, and orthoclase.