Graphene has attracted extensive research interest due to its strictly 2-dimensional (2D) structure, which results in its unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties and potential technical applications. These remarkable characteristics of graphene, along with the inherent benefits of a carbon material, make it a promising candidate for application in electrochemical energy devices. This article reviews the methods of graphene preparation, introduces the unique electrochemical behavior of graphene, and summarizes the recent research and development on graphene-based fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. In addition, promising areas are identified for the future development of graphene-based materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems.

Lithium ion batteries have proven themselves the main choice of power sources for portable electronics. Besides consumer electronics, lithium ion batteries are also growing in popularity for military, electric vehicle, and aerospace applications. The present review attempts to summarize the knowledge about some selected membranes in lithium ion batteries. Based on the type of electrolyte used, literature concerning ceramic-glass and polymer solid ion conductors, microporous filter type separators and polymer gel based membranes is reviewed.

Lithium–air/oxygen battery is a rising star in the field of electrochemical energy storage as a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries. Nevertheless, this alluring system is still at its infant stage, and the breakthrough of lithium–air batteries into the energy market is currently constrained by a combination of scientific and technical challenges. Targeting at the air electrode in nonaqueous lithium–air batteries, this review attempts to summarize the knowledge about the fundamentals related to lithium oxides precipitation, which has been one of the vital and attractive aspects of the research communities of science and technology.

Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC) are emerging as a promising technology for portable power. The characteristics of a gold electrochemical sensor for detecting borohydride concentration were investigated. Although gold is not Faradically efficient for the borohydride oxidation, the peak current obtained from cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed a linear relationship in the investigated range of 0.1 mM–50 mM borohydride concentration with a detect limitation of 50 μM, suggesting the same charge transfer mechanism within the investigated concentration range. Chronoamperometry results demonstrated a fast signal response, and the sensitivity was determined as 1.56 ± 0.13 μA/100 μM based on the present disk electrode.