First-void urine usually contains exfoliated cells of the debris and mucus from the female genital organs and cervix, i.e., high concentration of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA). We conducted a meta-analysis of published data and determined an accuracy of HPV detection in first-void urine compared to the women’s cervix. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Eligible articles published from 2011 until 2021 were gathered by searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library Central databases. The patient selection, index test, standard test, and patient flow were the factors involved in quality evaluation. A meta-analysis of 15 studies (3412 women) based on 5054 potential records was conducted. Pooled sensitivity for high-risk HPV detection in urine of 78% (70–84%) and specificity of 89% (81–94%) were calculated. Any HPV detection in urine of 87% (74–94%) and 91% (83–96%) were pooled sensitivity and specificity, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (76–77%) and specificity of 98% (98–98%). Meta-analysis indicated variations between the pooled specificities and sensitivities. In meta-regression analysis, a heterogeneity in accuracy by using covariates (bias in patient selection, purpose, sample timing, storage temperature and HPV detection method) were not detected. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the accuracy of detection of HPV in urine for the presence of cervical HPV. Although progress is continuously made in urinary HPV detection, further studies are needed to evaluate and to improve the accuracy of the first-void urine test in order to be comparable with other screening methods.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes of interstitial pH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)/reduced nicotin‐amide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio in healing skin wounds using fluorescence spectroscopy in Sprague Dawley rats. In the experiment, excisional and incisional models of wound healing were used. The florescein as the pH‐sensitive probe using excitation spectra (λ_Em= 535 nm) was used for the measurement of pH changes, and synchronous fluorescence spectra (Δλ= 60 nm) for the monitoring of FAD/NADH ratio changes were measured from the surfaces of healing wounds. Increase of interstitial pH and FAD/NADH ratio was recorded during the time interval from the 15th to the 65th minute after surgery. The decrease of pH between the 48th and the 72nd hour after surgery as well as the increase of FAD/NADH ratio between the 72nd and the 96th hour of wound healing were recorded. The results indicate that the use of fluorescence spectroscopy may be considered as a valuable tool for non‐invasivein vivomonitoring of selected redox parameters in the early phases of wound healing.

The specific aim of this study was to measure the TS of rat skin wounds during the first week following surgical injury. Biomechanical and histological data were collected daily (days 1 to 7 following surgery) from separate groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 12) each with two 3 cm long parallel skin incisions on the back. The wounds were immediately closed by four simple sutures. A control group (N = 15) was used to obtain TS measurements of unwounded skin. TS was measured by applying a ramp load until wound separation and estimated by dividing the yield strength by the wound area. The time course of biomechanical recovery followed a step-plateau pattern with the largest increase in TS observed one day after surgery (0 – 1.60 g/cm ² ). The plateau stage extended from day 1 to 5 (1.60 – 3.88 g/cm ² ). The final step (day 5–7) indicated a period of rapid rise in wound TS (3.88 – 11.57 g/cm ² ). Since even on day 7 the mean TS was only 4% of unwounded skin, the wound had to be protected from tensile loads. Histological analysis confirmed that the early changes in TS (day 1) correlated with the fibrin accumulation of the wound edges followed by a plateau stage caused by the tissue proliferation. The rapid increase in wound TS was characterized by cross-linking the incisions with collagen fibres with escalating organization. We conclude that from a biomechanical perspective, sutures can be removed during the “plateau phase”, but the wound must be protected from tensile loads.

Background: Transforming RhoA proteins (RHOA) and their downstream Diaphanous homolog 1 proteins (DIAPH1) or mDia1 participate in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton which plays critical role in cells, i.e., morphologic changes and apoptosis.Methodology: To determine the cell viability the real time cell analysis (RTCA) and flow cytometry were used. To perform proteomic analysis, the label-free quantitative method and post-translation modification by the nano-HPLC and ESI-MS ion trap mass analyser were used.Results: The results of the cell viability showed an increase of dead cells (around 30 %) in MCF-7/DOX-1 (i.e., 1μM of doxorubicin was added to MCF-7/WT breast cancer cell line) compared to MCF-7/WT (control) after 24 h doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. The signalling pathway of the Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (p<0.0026) was determined, where RHOA and mDia1 proteins were up-regulated. Also, post-translational modification analysis of these proteins in MCF-7/DOX-1 cells revealed dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton, specifically the collapse of actin stress fibbers due to phosphorylation of RHOA at serine 188 and mDia1 at serine 22, resulting in their deactivation and cell apoptosis.Conclusion: These results pointed to an assumed role of DOX to dysregulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell death.