Earthquakes are among the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters. Various diseases and ailments, such as bone fractures, organ and soft-tissue injuries, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and infectious diseases, can develop in the aftermath of severe earthquakes. Digital radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are significant imaging modalities utilized for the quick and reliable assessment of earthquake-related ailments to facilitate the planning of suitable therapy. This article examines the usual radiological imaging characteristics observed in individuals from quake-damaged regions and summarizes the strengths and functionality of imaging modalities. In such circumstances, where quick decision-making processes are life-saving and essential, we hope this review will be a practical reference for readers.

Background: The sympathetic nervous system is principally accountable for peripheral artery regulation, and its effect is that vasospasm occurs in the medium and large arteries of the extremities, resulting in decreased flow of blood. Because of this information of how the body works, our goal is to create a noninvasive and repeatable selftest model that uses Doppler ultrasound examination. Material/Methods: The study was conducted on 31 healthy and active participants who volunteered for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The baseline diameter and flow rates of the brachial artery from 2 cm superior to the antecubital fossa were determined using a Doppler probe, which remained stationary throughout the experiment, allowing for continuous measurements. Then, to activate the sympathetic fibers, an electrical stimulus was applied for 5 s with an intensity of 10 mA and frequency of 1 Hz at the level of the median nerve at the wrist via the bipolar stimulation electrode. Immediately following the sixth stimulation, the artery diameter and flow rates were assessed again.Results: Following the stimulation, a statistically significant decrease in flow rate was observed (P<0.001). Moreover, stimulation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the diameter of the brachial artery (P<0.001).Conclusions: Our research suggests that Doppler ultrasonography can be routinely used to detect the normal and abnormal functioning of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.

Umbilical cord with a single umbilical artery (SUA) can carry twice the blood volume of a three-vessel cord (TVC). So, the normal hemodynamics of the fetuses with SUA was different from those with TVC. Furthermore, structural abnormalities, fetal aneuploidy, and intrinsic growth retardation may be associated with the presence of a SUA. In order to evaluate these patients, intermittent doppler measurements have been suggested. From this point, we aimed to determine the CDUS flow parameters in SUA cases and to demonstrate that these flow parameters are different from the TVC parameters. Ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in the 18–22 weeks of gestation during routine fetal anatomy screening. Resistance index (RI), Pulsatility index (PI), and S/D: systole to diastole ratio values were measured. The samples were taken from the proximal, mid-portion, and distal of the umbilical cord. In addition to Doppler Ultrasound values, AC and estimated fetal weight (EFW) values were also recorded. The study included 167 pregnant women, 86 of whom were study group with SUA and 81 were control group with TVC. The measurements of RI, PI, and S/D at all three levels were significantly lower in the SUA group compared to the TVC group. The resistance in the UA of fetuses with SUA is lower than in fetuses with TVC. The resistance in the UA of fetuses with SUA decreases from the fetal end to the placental end. Knowing the normal values for fetuses with SUA might provide a better and more reliable Doppler Ultrasoundassessment.

A degenerative disease of the patellofemoral joint cartilage, chondromalacia patella (CMP) often results in anterior knee discomfort and functional disability. Determining the best course of therapy and stopping the progression of the disease depend on an accurate and timely diagnosis. In this work, we provide a deep learning architecture based on transformers for the classification of chondromalacia patella using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We assessed transformer-based designs including Multi-Axis Vision Transformer (MaxViT), Vision Transformer (ViT), and Swin Transformer in addition to convolutional neural network (CNN) based models like Google Network (GoogLeNet), Residual Network 18 (ResNet18), and Mobile Network v2 (MobileNetV2). We evaluated the models’ ability to differentiate between cases of chondromalacia patella and normal cases. With an accuracy of 0.9817, precision of 0.9821, recall of 0.9817, and F1-score of 0.9818, Multi-Axis Vision Transformer outperformed all other models on the testing dataset.

AIMS: Professional ballet dancers are at risk for degenerative knee cartilage changes. In the current study, we evaluated the knee cartilage with T2 mapping methods in professional ballet dancers and healthy controls and investigated possible differences of T2 values between these groups. METHODS: We included healthy dancers with 5-20 years of professional ballet dancing experience and sex-matched healthy controls without knee pathology. T2 values of the knee cartilage were measured from axial, coronal, and sagittal images. The values were measured by free hand region of interest (ROI). RESULTS: The study population consisted of 44 people (22 dancers, 22 controls), with mean age of 25.57 +/- 5.53 yrs. We found no significant relationship between sex and T2 values. We detected a significant positive correlation between age and T2 values for patellofemoral joint cartilage. T2 values of patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints of dancers were significantly higher. Mean T2 values of patellofemoral joint were around 32 in all planes in dancers and around 12 in controls (p<0.05). Mean tibiofemoral joint values in dancers were around 39 and around 32 in controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2 values of knee cartilage were higher in professional ballet dancers. T2 mapping method can reveal knee cartilage changes successfully in professional ballet dancers. All anatomical planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) can be used in order to obtain T2 values.

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