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Sandy soils are prone to nutrient losses, and consequently do not have as much as agricultural productivity as other soils. In this study, coal fly ash (CFA) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) granules were used as a sandy soil amendment. The two additives were incorporated to the sandy soil layer (depth of 0.2 m, slope gradient of 10°) at three CFA dosages and two PAM dosages. Urea was applied uniformly onto the low-nitrogen (N) soil surface prior to the simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm/min). The results showed that compared with no addition of CFA and PAM, the addition of CFA and/or PAM caused some increases in the cumulative NO3−-N and NH4+-N losses with surface runoff; when the rainfall event ended, 15% CFA alone treatment and 0.01–0.02% PAM alone treatment resulted in small but significant increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NO3−-N concentration (p < 0.05), meanwhile 10% CFA + 0.01% PAM treatment and 15% CFA alone treatment resulted in nonsignificant small increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NH4+-N concentration (p > 0.05). After the rainfall event, both CFA and PAM alone treatments increased the concentrations of NO3−-N and NH4+-N retained in the sandy soil layer compared with the unamended soil. As the CFA and PAM co-application rates increased, the additive effect of CFA and PAM on improving the nutrient retention of sandy soil increased.
Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Jianzhang Feng. Coal Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide Influence Transport and Redistribution of Soil Nitrogen in a Sandy Sloping Land. Agriculture 2021, 11, 47 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Zejun Tang, Jianzhang Feng. Coal Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide Influence Transport and Redistribution of Soil Nitrogen in a Sandy Sloping Land. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (1):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Zejun Tang; Jianzhang Feng. 2021. "Coal Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide Influence Transport and Redistribution of Soil Nitrogen in a Sandy Sloping Land." Agriculture 11, no. 1: 47.
Natural aging alters the surface physicochemical properties of biochars, which can affect the retention of heavy metals. This work investigated the effect of biochar aging on stabilization of heavy metals (Cd and Ni) and soil enzyme activities simulated with laboratory wet–dry (WD) and freeze–thaw (FT) cycling. A wheat straw (WS) biochar and a corn straw (CS) biochar were subjected to 30 WD or FT cycles, and Cd- and Ni-contaminated alkaline soils amended with the two fresh biochars (at 5% w/w) were subjected to 30-day constant moisture incubation and 30 WD or FT cycles. WD and FT aging caused slight reduction in the pH of the biochars, significant increases in their O contents and surface areas, and formation of new carbonate minerals. WS biochar was more effective than CS biochar at reducing the phytoavailable Cd in the soil, with reduction of 12.1%, 14.6%, and 12.9% under constant moisture incubation, WD aging, and FT aging, respectively. Reduction in phytoavailability of Ni by the addition of biochars was observed only under WD aging, by 17.0% and 18.5% in the presence of WS and CS biochars, respectively. Biochar amendment also reduced the distribution of Cd in the acid soluble and reducible fractions in all aging regimes. The addition of biochars decreased catalase activity in almost all aging regimes and invertase activity under FT aging, but increased urease activity under FT aging. Comparison of the enzyme activities in the soils amended with biochars under constant moisture and accelerated aging conditions indicates WD aging significantly decreased the activities of catalase, invertase, and urease in all treatments, while FT aging significantly increased urease activity in all treatments. These findings suggest that biochars can stabilize Cd in alkaline soils under changing environmental conditions, although the activities of some soil enzymes could be negatively impacted.
Kai Yang; Xilong Wang; Hefa Cheng; Shu Tao. Effect of aging on stabilization of Cd and Ni by biochars and enzyme activities in a historically contaminated alkaline agricultural soil simulated with wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycling. Environmental Pollution 2020, 268, 115846 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Xilong Wang, Hefa Cheng, Shu Tao. Effect of aging on stabilization of Cd and Ni by biochars and enzyme activities in a historically contaminated alkaline agricultural soil simulated with wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycling. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 268 ():115846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Xilong Wang; Hefa Cheng; Shu Tao. 2020. "Effect of aging on stabilization of Cd and Ni by biochars and enzyme activities in a historically contaminated alkaline agricultural soil simulated with wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycling." Environmental Pollution 268, no. : 115846.
Carbon nano-onions/titanium dioxide (CNOs/TiO2) photocatalyst was synthesized by a simple sol-gel method and characterized by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area (BET method), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The photocatalytic activity of CNOs/TiO2 photocatalyst was assessed by testing the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the optimum photocatalytic activity was achieved when the mass ratio of CNOs to TiO2 was 10%. The aforementioned specific CNOs/TiO2 photocatalyst resulted in a maximum RhB degradation efficiency of 78% (10 mg/L of RhB in 220 min). CNOs enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 and improve the separation quantity of CNOs/TiO2 catalyst from aqueous media. CNOs can be used as a modification agent to develop high-performance photocatalysts for the removal of organic pollutants.
Yanrong Zhang; Weike Zhang; Kai Yang; Yanqing Yang; Jia Jia; Ying Liang; Lijun Guo. Carbon Nano-Onions (CNOs)/TiO2 Composite Preparation and Its Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2020, 146, 04020009 .
AMA StyleYanrong Zhang, Weike Zhang, Kai Yang, Yanqing Yang, Jia Jia, Ying Liang, Lijun Guo. Carbon Nano-Onions (CNOs)/TiO2 Composite Preparation and Its Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2020; 146 (4):04020009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanrong Zhang; Weike Zhang; Kai Yang; Yanqing Yang; Jia Jia; Ying Liang; Lijun Guo. 2020. "Carbon Nano-Onions (CNOs)/TiO2 Composite Preparation and Its Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation." Journal of Environmental Engineering 146, no. 4: 04020009.
Fresh cow dung and iron scraps were added to municipal sewage sludge under laboratory-simulated anaerobic landfill conditions. Simulated anaerobic and semiaerobic landfilling of sludge without any additives were conducted in parallel. Differently treated sludge in landfill columns and leachates from these columns were collected regularly during a 360-day period and analyzed to assess the sludge stabilization rate. The results showed that throughout the study period the water content of anaerobic sludge + iron scraps treatment decreased the most quickly, followed by the semiaerobic sludge treatment. In contrast, the addition of cow dung under anaerobic conditions conspicuously increased the water content of this sludge mixture, with no effects on reducing water content. The final water content of anaerobic sludge + cow dung treatment was approximately 1.1 times higher than that of anaerobic sludge treatment. After 360 days, the total organic carbon (TOC) content of anaerobic sludge + iron scraps treatment and semiaerobic sludge treatment was reduced by about 28%, and the volatile matter (VM) content of these two treatments was reduced by about 25%, while the TOC and VM contents of anaerobic sludge treatment was reduced by only 4.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The total nitrogen (TN) content of anaerobic sludge + iron scraps treatment and semiaerobic sludge treatment was reduced by about 20% at the end of the study period, while the final TN content of anaerobic sludge treatment and anaerobic sludge + cow dung treatment was reduced by 11% and 13%, respectively. In addition, anaerobic landfilling with iron scraps and semiaerobic landfilling approaches increased cumulative leachate production (CLP) and facilitated the discharge of heavy metals (e.g., Zn and Cu) in the sludge compared with the anaerobic sludge treatment. The largest CLP and highest contents of heavy metals in leachate were observed in the anaerobic sludge + iron scraps treatment. In general, the NH4+−N and TN contents in leachates from the four landfill columns exhibited an increasing trend with landfill time, while the TOC content in these leachates was decreased with landfill time. After 360 days, compared with the leachate from anaerobic sludge treatment, the NH4+−N, TN, and TOC contents in the leachate from anerobic sludge + iron scraps treatment were reduced by 38.6%, 32.8%, and 23.7%, respectively. The contents of these three properties in the leachate from semiaerobic sludge treatment were reduced by 40.4%, 20.7%, and 51.8%, respectively. The addition of iron scraps under anaerobic conditions and utilization of semiaerobic conditions were effective for improving the digestion performance of sludge. However, the addition of fresh cow dung did not accelerate sludge stabilization.
Ying Zhu; Kai Yang; Rongchang Jia; Yanqiu Shao; Aisheng Zhang; Xiaowei Yang. Effects of Different Additives and Ambient Conditions on Acceleration of Sludge Stabilization: Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill Study. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2020, 146, 04020012 .
AMA StyleYing Zhu, Kai Yang, Rongchang Jia, Yanqiu Shao, Aisheng Zhang, Xiaowei Yang. Effects of Different Additives and Ambient Conditions on Acceleration of Sludge Stabilization: Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill Study. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2020; 146 (4):04020012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Zhu; Kai Yang; Rongchang Jia; Yanqiu Shao; Aisheng Zhang; Xiaowei Yang. 2020. "Effects of Different Additives and Ambient Conditions on Acceleration of Sludge Stabilization: Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill Study." Journal of Environmental Engineering 146, no. 4: 04020012.
Coal fly ash (FA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) are two common amendments for improving hydraulic properties of sandy soil. However, their interaction effect on infiltration-runoff processes in sandy soil has been scarcely reported. In this study, FA and anionic PAM granules were mixed thoroughly with a 0–0.2 m sandy soil layer at FA rates of 0%, 10%, and 15% (w/w soil), and PAM rates of 0%, 0.01%, and 0.02% (w/w soil) along with each FA rate. A simulated rainfall laboratory experiment (slope gradient of 10°, rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm/min) was conducted. During the rainfall, the cumulative runoff yield increased while the average infiltration rate decreased with increasing FA and PAM rates. A higher FA rate of 15% and varying PAM rates resulted in a prominent increase in cumulative sediment yield. After the rainfall, the two-dimensional distribution of water content retained in the soil profile reflected that both FA and PAM increased the water retention capacity of sandy soil, and the effect became more obvious at higher FA and PAM rates. The possible mechanism for the effect of FA and PAM on inhibiting water infiltration during the rainfall and retaining water in the soil layer after the rainfall is attributed to the filling of pores of the coarse soil particles by fine-sized FA particles and flocculation function and binding action of PAM.
Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Jianzhang Feng. Effect of Co-Use of Fly Ash and Granular Polyacrylamide on Infiltration, Runoff, and Sediment Yield from Sandy Soil under Simulated Rainfall. Agronomy 2020, 10, 344 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Zejun Tang, Jianzhang Feng. Effect of Co-Use of Fly Ash and Granular Polyacrylamide on Infiltration, Runoff, and Sediment Yield from Sandy Soil under Simulated Rainfall. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Zejun Tang; Jianzhang Feng. 2020. "Effect of Co-Use of Fly Ash and Granular Polyacrylamide on Infiltration, Runoff, and Sediment Yield from Sandy Soil under Simulated Rainfall." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 344.
A silicon dioxide/carbon nano onions/titanium dioxide (SiO2/CNOs/TiO2) composite was synthesized by a simple sol-gel method and characterized by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). In this work, the photocatalytic activity of the SiO2/CNOs/TiO2 photocatalyst was assessed by testing the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. The results indicated that the samples exhibited the best photocatalytic activity when the composite consisted of 3% CNOs and the optimum dosage of SiO2/CNOs/TiO2(3%) was 1.5 g/L as evidenced by the highest RhB degradation rate (96%). The SiO2/CNOs/TiO2 composite greatly improved the quantum efficiency of TiO2. This work provides a new option for the modification of subsequent nanocomposite oxide nanoparticles.
Weike Zhang; Yanrong Zhang; Kai Yang; Yanqing Yang; Jia Jia; Lijun Guo. Photocatalytic Performance of SiO2/CNOs/TiO2 to Accelerate the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1671 .
AMA StyleWeike Zhang, Yanrong Zhang, Kai Yang, Yanqing Yang, Jia Jia, Lijun Guo. Photocatalytic Performance of SiO2/CNOs/TiO2 to Accelerate the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (12):1671.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeike Zhang; Yanrong Zhang; Kai Yang; Yanqing Yang; Jia Jia; Lijun Guo. 2019. "Photocatalytic Performance of SiO2/CNOs/TiO2 to Accelerate the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12: 1671.
MgAlCO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared via the hydrothermal method, and used to remove Congo red (CR) from the aqueous solution with the assist of ultrasound. The influence of ultrasonic power on the CR adsorption, together with adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated. The mechanism of ultrasound-assisted adsorption was elucidated. The results showed that compared with stirring and shaking, ultrasound-assisted adsorption resulted in a significantly shorter adsorption equilibrium time of 120 min under initial 0.2 g/L CR and 0.2 g/L LDH dosage. The optimal ultrasonic power was 180 W at which a maximum adsorption capacity of 934.43 mg/g was achieved. The adsorption kinetics fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model well (R2 = 0.9999), and the adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well (R2 = 0.998). The adsorption rate remained above 60% after three cycles.
Weike Zhang; Ying Liang; Jiawei Wang; Yanrong Zhang; Zeyu Gao; Yanqing Yang; Kai Yang. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solution using Mg Al CO3 layered double hydroxide. Applied Clay Science 2019, 174, 100 -109.
AMA StyleWeike Zhang, Ying Liang, Jiawei Wang, Yanrong Zhang, Zeyu Gao, Yanqing Yang, Kai Yang. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solution using Mg Al CO3 layered double hydroxide. Applied Clay Science. 2019; 174 ():100-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeike Zhang; Ying Liang; Jiawei Wang; Yanrong Zhang; Zeyu Gao; Yanqing Yang; Kai Yang. 2019. "Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solution using Mg Al CO3 layered double hydroxide." Applied Clay Science 174, no. : 100-109.
Composted sewage sludge (CSS) has been extensively used in agriculture and landscaping, offering a practical solution for waste disposal. However, some pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) like triclosan (TCS) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have restricted its land application. In this study, CSS was added to agricultural soil and garden soil at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 25% (w/w soil), and 4 mL of TCS and CBZ stock solution (1000 mg/L in methanol) was spiked into soil amended with CSS of each bottle to arrive at the concentration of 10 mg/kg. Samples were then collected after incubation for 120 days and analyzed for concentrations and half-life (t1/2) of TCS and CBZ, and soil physicochemical properties, together with enzyme activities. The results showed that TCS was degraded completely during the incubation period. In contrast, only about 5.82–21.43% CBZ was degraded. CSS amendment inhibited TCS and CBZ degradation and prolonged t1/2 compared to the control, and the t1/2 of TCS and CBZ increased with CSS addition amount in all treatments except for CBZ in the garden soil amended with 10% CSS. Correlation studies showed a significantly positive relationship between t1/2 of TCS and CBZ and total organic carbon (TOC), while a significantly negative relationship between t1/2 of the two PPCPs and pH was observed. Alkaline phosphatase showed a significantly negative relationship with the Ct/C0 of TCS in garden soil amended with 25% CSS and CBZ in the control. The urease activity was negatively correlated with the Ct/C0 of TCS in 10% and 25% CSS treatments and CBZ in 10% CSS treatment for garden soil.
Yanqiu Shao; Kai Yang; Rongchang Jia; Chao Tian; Ying Zhu. Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2557 .
AMA StyleYanqiu Shao, Kai Yang, Rongchang Jia, Chao Tian, Ying Zhu. Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (11):2557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanqiu Shao; Kai Yang; Rongchang Jia; Chao Tian; Ying Zhu. 2018. "Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2557.
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the resistance to wind erosion of consolidated soil layer (CSL) on the edge of Ulan Buh Desert in Inner Mongolia, China under natural conditions during Aug. 2015–Apr. 2016. The CSLs consisted of sandy soil, fly ash (FA) (5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) soil) and polyacrylamide (PAM) (0.05% and 0.1% (w/w) soil). The experimental site was divided equally into Regions A and B where dry FA and PAM powder were applied in two ways in mid-Jul. 2015. In Region A, FA and PAM were mixed homogeneously with the 0–0.3 m depth topsoil. In Region B, FA alone was mixed homogeneously with the 0–0.3 m depth topsoil. PAM was then scattered uniformly on top of the surface layer. Finally, CSLs were formed by spraying an appropriate amount of water onto the surface to dissolve PAM fully and being equilibrated for one week to achieve a moisture content close to the initial soil moisture content (0.6%). It was found that during 2–26 Aug. 2015, the wind erosion rate (WER) was reduced most significantly by 77% in CSL (10%FA + 0.05%PAM) in Region A and by 58% in CSL (10%FA + 0.1%PAM) in Region B compared with control (CK) (WER = 10.2 kg/m2). However, during 3–27 Sep. 2015, there was no significant difference in WER between treatments in Regions A and B compared with CK (WER = 1.4 kg/m2). Whereas, during the following longer period of wind erosion (viz. 27 Sep. 2015–21 Apr. 2016), the WER was reduced most significantly by 69% in CSL (5%FA + 0.1%PAM) in Region A and by 32% in CSL (5%FA + 0.05%PAM) in Region B compared with CK (WER = 80.7 kg/m2). The resistance to wind erosion of CSL in Region A was much stronger than in Region B. The WER of CSL was influenced by wind conditions including wind speed and direction. Precipitation also had an impact on the WER of CSL as the cohesive effect of PAM can be influenced by precipitation. The CSL as a mixture of sandy soil, FA and PAM is recommended for wind erosion control.
Yitong Wang; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang. In situ effect of combined utilization of fly ash and polyacrylamide on sand stabilization in North China. CATENA 2018, 172, 170 -178.
AMA StyleYitong Wang, Kai Yang, Zejun Tang. In situ effect of combined utilization of fly ash and polyacrylamide on sand stabilization in North China. CATENA. 2018; 172 ():170-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYitong Wang; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang. 2018. "In situ effect of combined utilization of fly ash and polyacrylamide on sand stabilization in North China." CATENA 172, no. : 170-178.
Norfloxacin (NOR), an antibiotic widely used in livestock and poultry production, has become ubiquitous in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as a result of veterinary excretion of the parent compound or its active metabolites. The sorption of NOR onto humic acid (HA) may influence the fate of NOR in the environment. In the present study, HA was extracted from sewage sludge in different composting stages of days 0, 10, 30, and 70 to investigate the sorption of NOR onto HA as affected by the humification degree of HA. The results of elemental and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum analyses showed that the contents of aromatic and carboxylic groups in HA increased with composting time, indicating an increase of humification degree. The result of sorption experiments demonstrated that the HA had a high sorption capacity for NOR with strong nonlinearity. A two-stage sorption was observed in the sorption process with an equilibration time of 48 h. Both the Freundlich model (Adj. R2 range 0.988–0.994) and Langmuir model (Adj. R2 range 0.917–0.928) fitted well with all sorption isotherms of the HA samples of different humification degrees. Moreover, the increase of sorption distribution coefficient (Kd ) value with composting time indicated that the sorption affinity of HA for NOR increased with increasing humification degree of HA. The major sorption mechanism was the interaction between NOR and rich aromatic moieties and carboxylic group in the HA.
Ying Zhu; Kai Yang; Ranran Shan; Zhe Han; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian. The Influence of Humification Degree of Humic Acid on Its Sorption of Norfloxacin During Sewage Sludge Composting. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2018, 229, 160 .
AMA StyleYing Zhu, Kai Yang, Ranran Shan, Zhe Han, Yanqiu Shao, Chao Tian. The Influence of Humification Degree of Humic Acid on Its Sorption of Norfloxacin During Sewage Sludge Composting. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2018; 229 (5):160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Zhu; Kai Yang; Ranran Shan; Zhe Han; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian. 2018. "The Influence of Humification Degree of Humic Acid on Its Sorption of Norfloxacin During Sewage Sludge Composting." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 229, no. 5: 160.
A composted sewage sludge (CSS) was added to the soil of an urban garden at 5%, 10%, and 25% (w/w soil) and stabilised for 180 days. Samples were then collected and analysed for total heavy metal concentrations, chemical fractions, and bioaccessibility, together with some physicochemical properties. The results showed that the total chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were increased with CSS addition rate. The CSS addition decreased the residual fractions of these four elements. The exchangeable Cr, Cu, and Pb fractions were very small or not detected, while Zn exhibited an increasing trend in its exchangeable fraction with CSS addition rate. The bioaccessibility of these four elements was increased with the CSS addition rate. Moreover, the Cr, Cu, and Zn bioaccessibility correlated positively with the total concentration, while the bioaccessibility of these four elements exhibited a negative correlation with the residual fraction. The fractionation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals may have also been influenced by pH, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter. The risk assessment code reflected the amended soil showed no or low environmental risks for Cr, Cu, and Pb and a medium risk for Zn. The hazardous index values and cancer risk levels indicated that the heavy metals in the soil amended with 25% CSS posed negligible potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to children and adults via incidental ingestion.
Kai Yang; Tao Zhang; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian; Stephen R. Cattle; Ying Zhu; Jinjuan Song. Fractionation, Bioaccessibility, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Urban Recreational Area Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 613 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Tao Zhang, Yanqiu Shao, Chao Tian, Stephen R. Cattle, Ying Zhu, Jinjuan Song. Fractionation, Bioaccessibility, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Urban Recreational Area Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (4):613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Tao Zhang; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian; Stephen R. Cattle; Ying Zhu; Jinjuan Song. 2018. "Fractionation, Bioaccessibility, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil of an Urban Recreational Area Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 613.
Nitrogen isotope labelled technology with mass spectroscopy is commonly used to trace the fate of agricultural N in the environment.
Yanqiu Shao; Changwen Du; Jianmin Zhou; Fei Ma; Ying Zhu; Kai Yang; Chao Tian. Quantitative analysis of different nitrogen isotope labelled nitrates in paddy soil using mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. Analytical Methods 2017, 9, 5388 -5394.
AMA StyleYanqiu Shao, Changwen Du, Jianmin Zhou, Fei Ma, Ying Zhu, Kai Yang, Chao Tian. Quantitative analysis of different nitrogen isotope labelled nitrates in paddy soil using mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. Analytical Methods. 2017; 9 (36):5388-5394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanqiu Shao; Changwen Du; Jianmin Zhou; Fei Ma; Ying Zhu; Kai Yang; Chao Tian. 2017. "Quantitative analysis of different nitrogen isotope labelled nitrates in paddy soil using mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy." Analytical Methods 9, no. 36: 5388-5394.
This study investigated the effects of soil crust development on the underlying soil properties. The field sampling work was conducted in June 2016 in the Hobq Desert in Inner Mongolia, North China. Soil crust samples and 0–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, and 24–30 cm deep underlying soil samples were taken from five representative areas of different soil crust development stages. All samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, including water content, bulk density, aggregate content, organic matter content, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that the thickness, water content, macro-aggregate (>250 μm) content, organic matter content, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities of the soil crusts gradually increased along the soil crust development gradient, while the bulk density of the soil crusts decreased. Meanwhile, the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils below the algal and moss crusts were significantly ameliorated when compared with the physical crust. Moreover, the amelioration effects were significant in the upper horizons (approx. 0–12 cm deep) and diminished quickly in the deeper soil layers.
Jiping Niu; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Yitong Wang. Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 725 .
AMA StyleJiping Niu, Kai Yang, Zejun Tang, Yitong Wang. Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiping Niu; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Yitong Wang. 2017. "Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 725.
This study investigated the effects of soil crust development on the underlying soil properties. The field sampling work was conducted in June 2016 in the Hobq Desert in Inner Mongolia, North China. Soil crust samples and 0–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, 24–30 cm deep underlying soil samples were taken from five representative areas of different soil crust development stages. All samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties including water content, bulk density, aggregate content, organic matter content, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that the thickness, water content, macroaggregate (>250 μm) content, organic matter content, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of the soil crusts gradually increased along the soil crust development gradient, while the bulk density of the soil crusts decreased. Meanwhile, the physicochemical and biological properties of the soils below the algal and moss crusts were significantly ameliorated when compared with the physical crust. Moreover, the amelioration effects were significant in the upper horizons (approx. 0–12 cm deep) and diminished quickly in the deeper soil layers.
Jiping Niu; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Yitong Wang. Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleJiping Niu, Kai Yang, Zejun Tang, Yitong Wang. Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiping Niu; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Yitong Wang. 2017. "Relationships between Soil Crust Development and Soil Properties in the Desert Region of North China." , no. : 1.
Sanitary landfill persists as a predominant sludge disposal method in particular in China. In this study, successive subsurface sludge samples (0.3 m deep) were collected from a bioreactor landfill unit where an anaerobic process took place during a 500 d period. The sludge samples were analyzed for total concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and their species distributions, together with selected sludge chemical properties. In addition, the sludge samples were subjected to phytotoxicity testing. The results showed that the mobilities of Cd and Ni were decreased with landfill time, while the mobilities of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn remained consistently low over the landfill period. The residual amounts of all these heavy metals were increased with landfill time, suggesting that the anaerobic sanitary landfill is an effective sludge stabilization method to reduce the ecological risk of these heavy metals. The increase in the sludge pH value with landfill time tended to promote the precipitation of heavy metals. Moreover, the sludge stabilization was found to be indicated by the formation of humic substance (HS) and volatilization of volatile matter (VM). The germination index (GI) values of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis) seeds grown in the 500 d anaerobically stabilized sludge were approximately 5.2- and 4.1-times higher than the values of those grown in the fresh sludge. The final sludge extract did not cause any significant inhibitory effect on the germination of the two types of seeds.
Kai Yang; Ying Zhu; Ranran Shan; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian. Heavy metals in sludge during anaerobic sanitary landfill: Speciation transformation and phytotoxicity. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 189, 58 -66.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Ying Zhu, Ranran Shan, Yanqiu Shao, Chao Tian. Heavy metals in sludge during anaerobic sanitary landfill: Speciation transformation and phytotoxicity. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 189 ():58-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Ying Zhu; Ranran Shan; Yanqiu Shao; Chao Tian. 2017. "Heavy metals in sludge during anaerobic sanitary landfill: Speciation transformation and phytotoxicity." Journal of Environmental Management 189, no. : 58-66.
Kai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. Effectiveness of cracker dust as a capping material for Pb-rich soil in the mining town of Broken Hill, Australia. CATENA 2017, 148, 81 -91.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Stephen R. Cattle. Effectiveness of cracker dust as a capping material for Pb-rich soil in the mining town of Broken Hill, Australia. CATENA. 2017; 148 ():81-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. 2017. "Effectiveness of cracker dust as a capping material for Pb-rich soil in the mining town of Broken Hill, Australia." CATENA 148, no. : 81-91.
This study evaluated the resistance to wind erosion of a consolidated soil layer (CSL) using an indoor wind tunnel under simulated wind erosion conditions. The CSL consisted of the experimental soil (classified as a sandy soil), fly ash (FA) at two addition rates (10 and 20 % (w/w) soil), and polyacrylamide (PAM) at two addition rates (0.05 and 0.1 % (w/w) soil). Prior to the wind tunnel experiments, according to the different addition rates of FA and PAM, the sandy soil, FA, and PAM were homogeneously mixed by spraying an appropriate amount of deionized water to form different CSLs. The moisture content of the CSL was balanced to that of the sandy soil in the field. The threshold wind speeds and wind erosion amounts of different CSLs at two wind speeds of 8 and 14 m/s were measured, respectively. The results showed that the threshold wind speed of the sandy soil was significantly increased due to the formation of CSL by FA and PAM, exhibiting an increasing trend with increasing addition rate of FA and PAM. The wind erosion amounts of different CSLs were all decreased when compared with that of the sandy soil. The resistance to wind erosion of the CSL consisting of 10 % FA and 0.1 % PAM was strongest at a wind speed of 8 m/s, while only slight wind erosion occurred after 30-min exposure to the wind with a speed of 14 m/s.
Yitong Wang; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Chao Chen. The Effectiveness of the Consolidated Desert Surface by Mixing of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide in Wind Erosion Control. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2016, 227, 429 .
AMA StyleYitong Wang, Kai Yang, Zejun Tang, Chao Chen. The Effectiveness of the Consolidated Desert Surface by Mixing of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide in Wind Erosion Control. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2016; 227 (12):429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYitong Wang; Kai Yang; Zejun Tang; Chao Chen. 2016. "The Effectiveness of the Consolidated Desert Surface by Mixing of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide in Wind Erosion Control." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 227, no. 12: 429.
Kai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. Contemporary sources and levels of heavy metal contamination in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia after ad hoc land remediation. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 2016, 32, 18 -34.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Stephen R. Cattle. Contemporary sources and levels of heavy metal contamination in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia after ad hoc land remediation. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2016; 32 (1):18-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. 2016. "Contemporary sources and levels of heavy metal contamination in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia after ad hoc land remediation." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 32, no. 1: 18-34.
This study was conducted to investigate lead (Pb) bioaccessibility in urban soil and to assess health risk to children in the city of Broken Hill, Australia, which was established around one of the world's largest lead–zinc–silver mines. Fifty-three topsoil (0–0.1 m) and 50 subsoil (0.3–0.5 m) samples were collected from earthen footpaths, nature strips, parks or vacant land throughout the urban area. The soil samples were analysed for total Pb concentration, Pb bioaccessibility and Pb mineral phases, together with important soil physicochemical properties known to influence Pb bioaccessibility. Lead bioaccessibility ranged from 24% to 89% in topsoil and from 16% to 100% in subsoil, exhibiting a generally decreasing pattern with increasing distance from the orebody. Lead bioaccessibility was strongly positively related to total Pb concentration in both the topsoil and subsoil. In subsoil, a moderate negative correlation existed between Pb bioaccessibility and soil pH, while a moderate positive correlation existed between Pb bioaccessibility and soil organic matter (OM) content. In contrast, only a weak positive correlation existed between Pb bioaccessibility and OM content in topsoil. The presence of different Pb mineral phases also appeared to have caused variation in soil Pb bioaccessibility, with galena (PbS)-rich samples tending to exhibit lower Pb bioaccessibility. The prediction of blood lead (PbB) levels in Broken Hill children aged 1–4 years using the IEUBK model well matched the measured data from a recent PbB screening, suggesting a high risk of childhood chronic low-level Pb exposure (PbB levels > 5 μg/dL) in Broken Hill, especially in the vicinity of the orebody. Future Pb abatement programs in Broken Hill should utilise the IEUBK model to establish target soil Pb values in an effort to achieve particular child PbB outcomes.
Kai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. Bioaccessibility of lead in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia: A study based on in vitro digestion and the IEUBK model. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 538, 922 -933.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Stephen R. Cattle. Bioaccessibility of lead in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia: A study based on in vitro digestion and the IEUBK model. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 538 ():922-933.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Stephen R. Cattle. 2015. "Bioaccessibility of lead in urban soil of Broken Hill, Australia: A study based on in vitro digestion and the IEUBK model." Science of The Total Environment 538, no. : 922-933.
Searching for an effective and economical sand stabilization measure has an important significance in wind erosion control. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to evaluate the sand-fixing effect of fly ash (FA) at three different application rates (10, 20, and 30 % (w/w) soil). The additional effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) was also studied under two different application rates (0.05 and 0.1 % (w/w) soil) on the basis of the optimum FA usage. The results indicated that the utilization of FA increased the threshold wind speed of the treated soil significantly, which was further increased by the addition of PAM. The soil treated with 20 % FA could most effectively withstand the pure wind with a wind speed of 8 m s−1 for 10 min, while only the slightest wind erosion occurred after exposure to the sand-carrying wind with a wind speed of 8 m s−1 for 10 min. However, moderate wind erosion occurred after exposure to both the pure wind and the sand-carrying wind with a wind speed of 14 m s−1 for 10 min, respectively, and there was a decline in the wind erosion rate with the increase of FA application rate. The soil treated with 20 % FA and 0.05 or 0.1 % PAM could effectively withstand the pure wind with a wind speed of 14 m s−1 for 30 min, while only the slightest wind erosion occurred after exposure to the sand-carrying wind with a wind speed of 14 m s−1 for 30 min. The combination of a 20 % FA and 0.05 % PAM application rate is recommended to give effective and economical wind erosion protection.
Kai Yang; Zejun Tang. Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide as a Sand-Fixing Agent for Wind Erosion Control. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2012, 223, 4065 -4074.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Zejun Tang. Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide as a Sand-Fixing Agent for Wind Erosion Control. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2012; 223 (7):4065-4074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Zejun Tang. 2012. "Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide as a Sand-Fixing Agent for Wind Erosion Control." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, no. 7: 4065-4074.