Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles. According to their size and synthesis pathway, EVs can be classified into exosomes, ectosomes (microvesicles), and apoptotic bodies. Extracellular vesicles are of great interest to the scientific community due to their role in cell-to-cell communication and their drug-carrying abilities. The study aims to show opportunities for the application of EVs as drug transporters by considering techniques applicable for loading EVs, current limitations, and the uniqueness of this idea compared to other drug transporters. In addition, EVs have therapeutic potential in anticancer therapy (especially in glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer).

Nowadays, electroplating plants are factories that use huge amounts of water in the coating process of anti-corrosion layers. They are required to decrease the heavy metal content to very low values before releasing the post-process water into the aquatic environment. They very often decrease their content using coagulation combined with flocculation. However, these processes are often not effective enough, and the concentration of a given metal does not reach a satisfactory low level. The use of membrane techniques to purify this type of wastewater leads to a reduction in the content of heavy metals, including nickel, to zero values. This allows for not only reducing the negative impact on the aquatic environment but also a step toward more conscious management of water resources—namely, the reuse of water in the electroplating process. The following review not only describes the membrane methods used to treat the wastewater considered, e.g., nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, or electrodialysis, but also shows the directions of development of these processes.