Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the overall prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in China by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: Six databases were searched for articles published from the date of inception to October 1, 2017, based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) framework. The review was in line with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The χ²-based Q statistic and I² metrics were used for exploring the sources of heterogeneity. Random models were utilized to obtain prevalence estimates due to the heterogeneity that was observed. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used for assessing publication bias by inspecting funnel plots and Egger's tests. Results: Twenty-one eligible studies (74,908 participants in total) were identified. The overall pooled prevalence of symptomatic knee OA in China was 14.6%. The prevalence of symptomatic knee OA presented a rapid growth trend between the periods of 1990–2008 and 2008–2013 (9.1 vs. 20.1%, p = 0.005). However, after 2013, the prevalence dropped to 14.9% (p = 0.01). The prevalence rates of symptomatic knee OA increased with age and presented an almost linear growth after 40 years of age. Compared with males (10.9%), females (19.1%) exhibited a higher prevalence of symptomatic knee OA (p = 0.015). The symptomatic knee OA prevalence was significantly higher in rural than it was in urban areas (16.9 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.037). Conclusion: For symptomatic knee OA intervention, more attention should be paid to females, people in rural areas, and people aged over 40 years.

Although vitamins play a major role in health, and their deficiency may be linked to symptoms of optic-nerve dysfunction, the association between serum vitamin levels and glaucoma in humans remains controversial. In this study, articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to 25March 2017. Nine studies on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), four studies on normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and six studies on exfoliative glaucoma (EXG) were retrieved. The combined results showed no differences in the levels of serum vitamin B₆ between POAG (p = 0.406) and EXG (p = 0.139) patients and controls. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.792 ng/mL (−3.793 to 9.377) and 1.342 ng/mL (−3.120 to 0.436), respectively. There was no difference between POAG (p = 0.952), NTG (p = 0.757), or EXG (p = 0.064) patients and controls in terms of serum vitamin B₁₂. The WMDs with 95% CIs were 0.933 pg/mL (−31.116 to 29.249), 6.652 pg/mL (−35.473 to 48.777), and 49.946 pg/mL (−102.892 to 3.001), respectively. The serum vitamin D levels exhibited no differences (p = 0.064) between POAG patients and controls; the WMD with 95% CI was 2.488 ng/mL (−5.120 to 0.145). In conclusion, there was no association found between serum vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, or vitamin D levels and the different types of glaucoma.

Purpose. To systematically evaluate the associations between oxidative stress status and different types of glaucoma. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science for randomized controlled trials written in the English language between January 1, 1990, and November 30, 2016. A random effects model was used to estimate oxidative stress status along with weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A funnel plot analysis and Egger’s test were performed to assess potential publication bias. Main outcome measures. Oxidative stress status was abnormal and different in patients with OAG (open-angle glaucoma) and EXG (exfoliation glaucoma). Results. Blood TAS (total antioxidant status) was lower in the OAG group than in the control group, with a mean difference of 0.580 mmol/L (p<0.0001, 95% CI = −0.668 to −0.492). The aqueous humor SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) levels were higher in the OAG group than in the control group, with mean differences of 17.989 U/mL (p<0.0001, 95% CI = 14.579–21.298), 12.441 U/mL (p<0.0001, 95% CI = 10.423–14.459), and 1.229 fmol/mL (p=0.042, 95% CI = 0.043–2.414), respectively. Blood TAS was lower in the EXG group than in the control group, with a mean difference of 0.262 mmol/L (p<0.0001, 95% CI = −0.393 to −0.132). However, there were no differences in blood TOS and aqueous humor TOS between the EXG group and the control group. Conclusions. This meta-analysis indicates that OAG patients had a lower TAS in the blood and higher levels of SOD, GPX, and CAT in the aqueous humor, while EXG patients only had a decreased TAS in the blood.

Purpose. To investigate the serum changes of oxidative stress markers and the relationship between these factors and visual field (VF) progression in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods. A case-control and a prospective cohort study. A total of 94 patients with PACG and 89 normal controls were enrolled. Furthermore, 94 PACG subjects were followed up for at least two years (once every six months). All participants were evaluated for serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and detailed eye and systematic examination. Binary logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed. Results. The serum levels of SOD and TAS in the PACG group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.001). Meanwhile, PACG subjects had significantly higher levels of MDA and H₂O₂ than the normal control subjects (p<0.001). Serum levels of TAS (OR=0.773, 95%CI=0.349−0.714, p<0.001), SOD (OR=0.975, 95%CI=0.955−0.995, p<0.001), MDA (OR=1.155, 95%CI=1.080−1.235, p<0.001), and H₂O₂ (OR=1.216, 95%CI=1.142−1.295, p<0.001) were independent risk/protective factors for PACG. TAS levels (HR=0.041, 95%CI=0.008–0.218, p<0.001), SOD levels (HR=0.983, 95%CI=0.971–0.994, p=0.003), and MDA levels (HR=1.010, 95%CI=1.001–1.018, p=0.015) at baseline were associated with visual field progression. Kaplan–Meier curves reveal that patients with TAS<0.95/SOD<143/MDA>12 had a significantly higher percentage of PACG progression (p<0.05). Conclusions. Decreased levels of TAS and SOD as well as increased levels of MDA at baseline were associated with VF progression in patients with PACG. These findings suggest that oxidative stress was involved in the onset and development of PACG.

Objective Obesity and a high-fat diet have been found to be associated with an increased risk of age-related cataract (ARC). Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether serum lipid levels are associated with the incidence of ARC. Design Cross-sectional, case–control study. Setting EyeandENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Participants A total of 219 ARC (male=94, female=125) subjects and 218 (male=110, female=118) normal control subjects were recruited in this study. Outcome measures A detailed eye and systematic examination was performed. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetry, and serum apolipoprotein A (APOA) and apoB (APOB) levels were measured by immunoturbidimetry. The subgroups were classified according to gender and types of disease (cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract). Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between serum lipid levels and ARC. Results The serum LDL-C, TG, CHO and APOA levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the ARC group than in the control group. A similar result was observed when the serum lipid concentrations were compared between the ARC and control groups both in male and female subgroups. A higher proportion of individuals in the ARC group had higher LDL-C, TG, CHO and APOA levels (fold=3.45, 17.37, 3.27 and11.91, respectively; p<0.0001 in all cases) than in the control group. Results of the logistic regression analyses revealed that high LDL-C (ORs=1.897, 95% CI 0.960 to 3.678) and TG (OR=1.854, 95% CI 1.232 to 2.791) were the independent risk factors for ARC. Conclusion The serum LDL-C and TG levels were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for ARC.