In this study, the functional metabolites of Moringa oleifera (MO) were screened to evaluate their possible role in accelerated functional retrieval after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). MO leaves were used for extract preparation using solvents of different polarities. Each dry extract was uniformly mixed in rodents’ chow and supplemented daily at a dose rate of 2 g/kg body weight from the day of nerve crush until the completion of the trial. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and muscle grip strength were performed to assess the recovery of motor functions, whereas the hotplate test was performed to measure the regain of sensory functions. An optimal level of oxidative stress and a controlled glycemic level mediates a number of physio-biochemical pathways for the smooth progression of the regeneration process. Therefore, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glycemic levels were analyzed in metabolite-enriched extract-treated groups compared to the control. The supplementation of polar extracts demonstrated a significantly high potential to induce the retrieval of sensory and motor functions. Further, they were highly effective in controlling oxidative stress, facilitating accelerated nerve generation. This study has highlighted MO as a sustainable source of nutritive metabolites and a valuable target for drug development.

The word "versatility" defines polyurethane. The reaction between di-isocyanate and polyester polyol led to the formation of polyurethane. The focus of this work is to generate eco-friendly, sustainable polyols by using waste material, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which was further used to prepare hot melt polyurethane adhesive. PET was degraded via the chemical degradation method under controlled conditions, as prepared polyol was further used to prepare hot melt polyurethane adhesive with di-isocyanate (MDI), polyol (PEG), and chain extender (BDO). By taking into account the advantage of nanotechnology SiO₂ nanoparticles were incorporated to impart mechanical strength to prepared hot melt polyurethane adhesives. FTIR and NMR spectrographs confirm the formation of the final product by the absence of -NCO- peak and the presence of -NH- peak. Surface morphology and crystallinity results through AFM and XRD represent well-stabilized formulations by the continuous distribution of PET polyol, and SiO₂ in polyurethane matrix. The addition of PET polyol and SiO₂ provides mechanical stability to the prepared sample, by resisting the deformation at elevated temperatures, indicated by TGA/DSC thermograms. A remarkable improvement in adhesion properties and chemical resistance was observed in the prepared hot melt adhesives with an increase in melting viscosity and T-peel strength. These enhancements were attributed to the increased content of PET polyol and the incorporation of SiO₂ into the adhesive formulations. The current research provides evidence that recycled PET, when combined with optimized adhesive formulations, can be effectively used in hot melt adhesive applications across a variety of uses.

A series of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites incorporating polyurethane reinforced with carbon nanotubes (PUCNT), graphite (PUGRP), nano-diamonds (PUDMDS), nano-clay (PUCLY), and nano-silica (PUSIL) were successfully prepared, and their shape memory and thermo-mechanical properties were thoroughly analyzed. The molecular structure of the PU nanocomposites based on Hexamethylene diisocyanate / Polycaprolactone / 1,4-butanediol (HDI/PCL/BDO) was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR techniques. FT-IR confirmed the successful urethane linkage formation, while NMR verified the expected chemical structure. The XRD analysis revealed partial crystallinity suppression with homogeneous dispersion of nano-fillers. The SEM micrographs confirmed the uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the PU matrix without major agglomeration. Analysis of the thermal properties using DSC revealed that nano-fillers improved the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and melting enthalpy of both the hard and soft segments, while TGA demonstrated enhanced thermal stability through increased degradation onset temperature. Furthermore, the incorporation of physical crosslinking agents was found to decrease the crystallization of the soft segment. The DMTA results showed increased storage modulus and reduced damping behavior, confirming redistricted chain mobility. Storage modulus curves highlighted improved stiffness, while tan delta curves demonstrated enhanced interfacial interactions and suppressed segmental relaxation. Notably, the addition of nano-fillers exhibited a significant enhancement in the shape memory effect, achieving remarkable shape recovery (98%) and shape retention (95%).

The seed extract of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) was used for the preparation of a nanosuspension (NS) with an enhanced bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Subsequently, it was employed as a potent source of polyphenols, such as quercetin and kaempferol, to accelerate the regeneration and recovery of motor and sensory function in injured nerves. The NS was administered through daily gauging as NS1 (0.5 mg/mL) and NS2 (15 mg/mL), at a dose rate of 2 g/kg body weight until the end of the study. The NS-mediated retrieval of motor functions was studied by evaluating muscle grip strength and the sciatic functional index. The recovery of sensory functions was assessed by the hotplate test. Several well-integrated biochemical pathways mediate the recovery of function and the regeneration of nerves under controlled blood glucose and oxidative stress. Consequently, the NS-treated groups were screened for blood glucose, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS) compared to the control. The NS administration showed a significant potential to enhance the recuperation of motor and sensory functions. Moreover, the oxidative stress was kept under check as a result of NS treatments to facilitate neuronal generation. Thus, the nanoformulation of FV with polyphenolic contents accelerated the reclamation of motor and sensory function after nerve lesion.