The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of visual search behavior in elderly drivers in reverse parking. Fourteen healthy elderly and fourteen expert drivers performed a perpendicular parking task. The parking process was divided into three consecutive phases (Forward, Reverse, and Straighten the wheel) and the visual search behavior was monitored using an eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2). In addition, driving-related tests and quality of life were evaluated in elderly drivers. As a result, elderly drivers had a shorter time of gaze at the vertex of the parking space both in direct vision and reflected in the driver-side mirror during the Forward and the Reverse phases. In contrast, they had increased gaze time in the passenger-side mirror in the Straighten the wheel phase. Multiple regression analysis revealed that quality of life could be predicted by the total gaze time in the Straighten the wheel phase (β = −0.45), driving attitude (β = 0.62), and driving performance (β = 0.58); the adjusted R² value was 0.87. These observations could improve our understanding of the characteristics of visual search behavior in parking performance and how this behavior is related to quality of life in elderly drivers.

Age- and cognitive-related changes in visual search behavior may affect driving performance, particularly during complex road maneuvers requiring continuous steering adjustments. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of visual search behavior in elderly drivers during S-curve driving. Seven elderly drivers with a high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ten expert drivers working as professional driving instructors performed crank and S-curve driving tasks. Their visual search behavior toward reference points and surrounding reference areas was monitored using an eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2). Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant Group × Area of Interest interaction: elderly drivers allocated significantly longer gaze dwell percentages to inner reference areas (specifically, Reference Areas 11 and 13) during the second half of the S-curve compared to expert drivers (p < 0.001). These findings imply that expanded gaze allocation toward reference areas may serve as a potential compensatory mechanism in elderly drivers with MCI features to construct spatial awareness under dynamic driving demands, representing one of several plausible interpretations alongside cognitive and task-related factors. These preliminary insights could contribute to understanding visual search mechanisms in elderly clinical populations.