El fomento de la salud y bienestar con enfoque biopsicosocial es una preocupación de los gobiernos, cuyas búsquedas se soportan en la formación de profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales y Biomédicas con la intención de conservar la articulación entre el contexto social y el proceso salud-enfermedad para identificar las oportunidades de intervención interdisciplinaria que tienden a la prevención de la enfermedad y la promoción de la salud. Los temas tratados en este libro pueden servir como fundamento teórico para estudiantes y docentes de pregrado y posgrado que tienen interés en profundizar y potenciar sus contenidos con la búsqueda de respuestas a los nuevos retos que se generan por los cambios políticos, económicos, demográficos y epidemiológicos en diferentes entornos.

Hydroponic technologies have increased the cultivated area under greenhouses covered with UV filter polyethylene film. However, there is a concern about the antioxidant contents of lettuces produced under these systems. In this study, it was compared to the antioxidant contents of green and red leaf lettuces produced in two hydroponic systems in a greenhouse, against the ones produced with the conventional cultivation system by Colombian farmers. The antioxidant analysis revealed significant statistical differences for DPPH and Anthocyanin analyses (P=0) versus all other culture systems. The best results were obtained in the conventional cultivation. Red lettuce obtained the highest value of FRAP (655.3±82.6 mgAAE 100g-1), ABTS (17.8±6.9 mmolTE 100g-1), total phenols (680.2±69.3 mgGAE 100g-1) and anthocyanin (126.2±6.9 mgC3G 100g-1). Green lettuce exhibited the most antioxidant activity of DPPH (20.7±5.6 mmolTE 100g-1). These results suggest a detrimental effect of the greenhouse covered with UV filter polyethylene film in the antioxidant production of lettuce. Finally, red leaf lettuce showed better antioxidant capacity independent of the cultivation system.

Honey is a functional food used worldwide and recognized for its multiple health benefits. In the present study, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honey produced by two species of bees (Melipona eburnea and Apis mellifera) in two seasons were evaluated. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of honey against three bacterial strains was studied. The quality of honey analyzed by LDA (linear discriminant analysis) showed four clusters mediated by the interaction, the bee species, and the collection season resulting from a multivariate function of discrimination. The physicochemical properties of the honey produced by A. mellifera met the requirements of the Codex Alimentarius, while the M. eburnea honey had moisture values outside the established ranges of the Codex. Antioxidant activity was higher in the honey of A. mellifera, and both kinds of honey showed inhibitory activity against S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 9118. E. coli ATCC 25922 showed resistance to the analyzed honey.

En este estudio, se evalúo las propiedades fisicoquímicas, probióticas y antioxidantes en el tiempo, del yogurt de mortiño (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) elaborado a partir de dos concentraciones de almíbar de fruta (15 y 20%). En las propiedades físico-químicas se aprecia descenso del pH, aumento de acidez titulable y disminución de la concentración de sacarosa. Los resultados de la estabilidad probiótica revelaron que la concentración de 10(6) UFC/mL se mantiene durante los 16 primeros días de almacenamiento como lo recomienda la norma para productos probióticos. Los resultados de actividad antioxidante, del contenido de fenoles totales y de antocianinas totales, revelaron que existe un incremento de éstas entre los primeros 8 y 12 días de almacenamiento y luego un descenso. Se concluye que el producto puede ser considerado como un alimento nutracéutico.

Microplastics are a threat to ecosystem health, and their impacts and effects are increasingly serious and need to be studied. This study assessed anthropogenic contamination, with emphasis on microplastics, in the water, sediment, and biota (i.e., microcrustaceans, macroinvertebrates, and fish) compartments in a tropical Andean reservoir, Antioquia, Colombia. For this purpose, sampling was carried out at three hydrological periods between 2022 and 2023. The obtained samples were subjected to specific digestion for each environmental compartment and the identified particles were quantified and classified in size, shape, and color. Fourier transform spectrophotometry was used to analyze polymer composition. An ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical differences in particle size and quantity between sampling times for each compartment. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of fish feeding habits with the quantity of particles found in fish. Anthropogenic particles were found in all abiotic and biotic compartments. Blue fibers were predominant in all compartments, with omnivorous fish exhibiting the highest particle concentration. Microplastics comprised 12% of the particles, mainly polypropylene, polyester and polyethylene, the rest were rayon, cellulose and cotton. A conceptual model addressing the dynamics of pollution in Peñol-Guatapé reservoir is proposed, suggesting how anthropogenic particles transfer between environmental compartments and species.