This research aims to identify the antimycobacterial activity of fraction of red betel vine leaves ethanol extract (methanol fraction, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) toward M. tuberculosis. Red betel vine leaves ethanol extract was made with maceration method using ethanol solvent 70%. Resulted extract was then fractionated using Liquid Vacuum Chromatography (LVC) with methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent. Each fractionation was exposed to M. tuberculosis with serial dilution method. Controls of fraction, media, bacteria, and isoniazid as standard drug were included in this research. The group of compound from the most active fraction was then identified. The research found that the best fraction for antimycobacterial activity toward M. tuberculosisis chloroform fraction. The compound group of chloroform fraction was then identified. The fraction contains flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and terpenoid. The fraction of methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform from red betel vine leaves has antimycobacterial activity toward M. tuberculosis. Chloroform fraction has the best antimycobacterial activity and it contains flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and terpenoid.

Background: The red betel vine (Piper crocatum) is a plant that has potential as a medicinal plant. The use of medicinal plants should be tested for safety. Acute toxicity testing has been performed with safe results for consumption, but there is no known long-term effect on various organs.Objective: To determine whether an ethanol extract of the red betel vine could be used safely on different parts of DDY mice.Methods: The treatment of ethanol extract was performed orally every day by using a feeding tube with different doses in mice within 3 months. Those were divided into several groups, each consisting of 5 male and 5 female mice. The dosages used consisted of 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW, with aquadest and solvent as controls. The treatment was done every day for 3 months. At the end of the study, the mice were terminated, and their organs were collected, which included the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, lungs, brain, testes, and ovaries.Results: The results of this study show no significant difference compared to controls in all organs. There are liver changes from cloudy swelling degeneration and reversible hydropic degeneration, but the effect is reversible.Conclusion: To conclude, long-term use of the red betel vine as a medicinal plant can be recommended for healthy people but not for people with a history of hepatic disorders.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 69-74

Background Treatment of tuberculosis is still a problem in Indonesia or in the world. There needs to be a new alternative drug for tuberculosis therapy. Objective The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the active compounds from ethanol extract of red betel vine (Piper crocatum) leaves as an antituberculosis candidate. Methods The chloroform fraction of 70% ethanol extract was further purified, tested antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis and identified its chemical structure using the method of Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrophotometer, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and H/C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer. Results Chloroform fraction identified 29 compounds.Compound 1 (S1) with Rf 0.96 has the best activity against M. tuberculosis with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 μg/mL. The analysis of FTIR spectra and UV-Vis spectra, it is proposed that S1 compound is a triterpenoid compound which is hydroxylated and has more than one aliphatic alkene group. Conclusion The isolated compound with the best antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis is suggested to be a hydroxylated triterpenoid containing multiple aliphatic alkene groups. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 03 July’25 Page : 778-784

Nutritional status is a condition that reflects the balance between nutrient intake and nutrient needs for body metabolism. Malnutrition is still a priority for national health development. Malnutrition in children causes growth and development problems and affects the quality of resources. The risk of malnutrition can occur to the students at the Islamic boarding school because they do not live and are cared for by their parents. Therefore, this community service focuses on screening and anticipating calorie deficiency in elementary school students. Ash Sholihah Islamic Boarding School is a boarding school in Sleman Regency with simple facilities. The number of boarding school students is approximately 700 male and female students, consisting of elementary to high school students. Elementary school students need more attention because they cannot take care of themselves and maintain food intake properly. The results of the anthropometric examination of 198 children showed that 166 (83.6%) were underweight, 24 (12.1%) had ideal body weight, and 8 (4.04%) were overweight. The results of the anthropometric examination of 198 children showed that 166 (83.6%) were underweight, 24 (12.1%) had ideal body weight, and 8 (4.04%) were overweight. The results of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire screening showed 10 (5.1%) malnutrition, 165 (83.3%) risk of malnutrition, 8 (4%) good nutrition, and 15 (7.6%) unknown. The service activities were continued with medical examinations and administration of drugs if necessary. Then carried out education and provision of additional calories to 166 children with underweight. Dormitory administrators are involved in supervising the implementation of additional nutrition. Additional intake given is a preparation equivalent to 100 kcal/day for each child as modified Formula 100.

COVID-19, which was first discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has infected more than 200 countries. The virus that causes it is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 or better known as SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms in infected individuals vary widely from asymptomatic to severe ones. Individuals infected with COVID-19 may develop hypercoagulability and thrombosis. D-dimer is a degradation product of fibrin which indicates the formation of thrombin and dilution of fibrin by plasmin. Literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2020 to October 2021. The search method used the Boolean operators to link titles and abstracts with the keywords “D-Dimer” AND “COVID-19”. The year of publication was all after 2019. The types of research were not limited, so all sources, meta-analyses, reviews, original articles, and reports, were collected.In COVID-19 patients, D-dimer can be an early marker to improve the management of COVID-19 patients. D-dimer can serve as a marker to determine the severity of lung damage. An increase in D-dimer indicates a degradation of accumulated fibrin in the alveoli and lung parenchyma as a result of lung trauma due to the reaction between the immune system and SARS-Cov-2 in the alveoli or lung parenchyma. The results showed that elevated plasma D-dimer levels were more common in patients with severe COVID-19 cases. The D-dimer is positively correlated with the prognosis of COVID-19. A fourfold increase in D-dimer or greater predicts in-hospital mortality.